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Urinary System
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Urinary system
To maintain homeostatis within the internal environment of the body.
Urinary System FUNCTIONS
Excretion
Water Balance
Electrolyte balance
Conservation of importan nutrients
Control of blood cell formation
- Erythropoietin
Regulation of blood pressure
- Renin
Kidneys External Structure
Located at back of abdominal cavity (RETROPERITONEAL)
Between T12- L3
RIGHT KIDNEY lower than left kidney (Due to liver)
Fat and ribs help protect kidneys
Renal fascia & fat anchors kidneys to back wall ((Perpendicular to aorta & ureter))
Internal Functional unit of kidney
Nephron
Internal Structure of kidney
Cortex
Medulla
Cortex
OUter layer of kidney
- Renal Comumns in STRIPS
- Has RENAL CORPUSCLES
Medulla
Inner layer of kidney
- Contain PYRAMiDS (6-18 per kidney)
-Filled with tubules
Tubules w/ in pyramids drain urine into
Minor calyx then to
Major calyx
Ureters begn w horn like region called
Renal pelvis
Kidneys order
Kidneys
Pelvis
Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
Ureters
~12 inches long
Descends to urinary bladder ((POSTERIOR))
Moves urine by peristalsis
Transitional Epithilium
Enters slit like opnening
- Membrane covered
- Contraction closes opening to prevent backflow into ureter.
Kidney Stones
Casts solidify to form stones
Ex. Salts and minerals
Trigone
Triangular region between 3 openings
-Primary site for UTI's
Urinary Badder
Directly behind pubic bone
3 smooth muscles= DETRUSOR MUSCLE
Collapsible bag
-Usually holds 2 cups , up to 4
Trigone= Triangular region between 3 openings
Urethra
2 urethral sphincters
Internal urethral sphncter
External urethral sphincter
Internal urethral sphincter
Smoot muscle under INVOLUNTARY control
External Urethral Sphincter
Skeletal muscle under VOLUNTARY control
Urogenital diahragm
Male urethra
~7-8 inches
3 regions
Female Urethra
~1-1/2 Inches
Most likely to get Cystitis (UTI)
Micturition (Urination)
1/2 full -> stretch receptors acrivated
Sensory neurons stimualated
REflex Arc to spinal cord TELLS ->
Detrusor contracts & INTERNAL urethral sphincter relaxes
Urge to void
EXTERNAL urethral sphincter will either contract or relax
Vascularization
RENAL ARTERY- Supplies oxygentaed blood to kidney
It loops throgh the kidney until it reached a capillary "BOW" called the GLOMERULS.
Glomerulus
Filtration site for blood
Composed of almost 50 loops of FENESTRATED capillaries.
Fltrate noves into tubule system called the nephron.
Nephron
Functional unit of kidney
Nephron Functions
~ 1 million per kidney
Three functions w blood:
-Filtrate
- Re-absorption
- Secretion
Two types:
-Cortical Nephron 85%
- Juxtamedullary nephron 15%
Renal Corpuscle
site for filtration
Located in cortex
~45 gallons of fluid passes DAILY
NO BLOOD CELLS PASS
NEPHRON is resposible
for making urine
Renal Tubules
Site for REABSORPTION and SECRETION into blood.
Distal convoluted tubule folds back renal corpuscle
DCT and Arterioles leading to glomerulus
Nephron Order
Proximal convoluted tube
Loop of henley
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting Tubule
Collecting Duct
JG Juxtaglomerular aparatus
Secretes RENIN tp elevate blood pressure
Secretes ERYTHROPOIETIN to stimulate RBC formation.
Author
leti5637
ID
154763
Card Set
Urinary System
Description
Urinary U 4
Updated
2012-05-19T23:43:39Z
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