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What are 3 Abnormal Curvatures of the Spine?
- Kyphosis - Excessive outward curvature
- Lordosis - Inward Curvature
- Scoliosis - Lateral Curvature
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What are the three main causes for abnormal spine curvature?
- -Forwarded head position (Main Cause)
- -Driving
- -Using a computer
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Causes of Back pain
Theres eight (8)
- -Forward head position
- -Sprain/strained ligavments, tendons, muscles
- -Degenerative Disk disease (anulus fibrosis)
- -Herniated Disk
- -Spinal Stenosis (Narrowing of nerve canals)
- - much worse when standing
- -Spondyloisthesis
- When a vertebrae slips forward on top of another
- -Emotional Stress
- -Vertebral Body Fractures
- -Osteoporosis (Bone Loss)
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Mackenzie Method
Deals with extension of the back to help with injury
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What are the Five common injection sites for Back Pain?
Epidural, SNRB, Fascet Joint Block, Fascet Rhizotomy, and Sacroiliac Joint Block
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What is Epidural?
- -Most common
- -Steriod injection
- -Success rate of 50% injection directly into the dura
- -The sac around the nerve roots
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What is SNRB?
- Selective Nerve Root Black-Diagnostic procedure used to find the source of pain
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What is Fascet Joint Block?
Needle injected directly into the fascet joint capsule
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What is Facet Rhizotomy?
For severe pain, pain is heated, injected justt outside the fascet joint to block the pain
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What is Sacroiliac Joint Block?
- -Sacroiliac Joint Block
- involves sacroiliac join (S1), connects sacrum with pelvis
- Needle injected directly into the join, contains steriod lido caine
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Where does the Arm Flexor muscles originate?
Medial epicondyle
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Scapula is considered what kind of bone?
Flat Bone
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Front row takes place in which plane?
Saggital Plane
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Cartwheel occurs in which plane?
Frontal Plane
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Horizontal acceleration of a projectile
stays the same
vertical acceleration slows down,
formula 0m/s^2
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Iliosoas flexor of the Hips
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In a 2 joint muscle, the muscle is more efficient at one joint when the position of the other joint stretches the muscle slightly
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Define Muscle Irritability
Ability of a muscle to respond to a stimulus (respond to stretch)
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Analyzing a long jump biomechanically,
What is most important?
Instantaneous velocity at takeoff
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Is weight always a force?
Yes
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Most common symptom of osteoporosis
Lower back pain
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Throwing a baseball occurs mainly in what plane?
Transverse plane
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What is Electromechanical delay?
Time needed for a muscle to develop tension after receiving a nerve impulse
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What is the main purpose of the rotator cuff
Hold head of the humerus in glenoid fossa
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ACL injuries occur more frequently in which sports?
Non-contact sports
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Define Fascet Rhizotomy
Percutaneous radio frequency lysis of the innervation of a fascet
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Define Paars interarticularis
Alongside a vertebrae
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Define Oligodendroglia
Class of cells in the CNS
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What is Sinew?
Can mean tendinous tissue, Tendon
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Define Avulsion
Tearing away
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Define Nervi Nervorum
Nerves distributed to the sheaths of nerve trunks (nerve root)
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Define Arachnoid
Nerves that branch our
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Define Spondylosis
Breaking down of the portion of the spine
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Define Foraminotomy
Operation on a groove opening or hole on a bone usually to open it
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Define Neurectasis
operation of stretching a nerve or nerve trunk
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Define Meninges
3 membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
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What is Idiopathic?
Of unknown origin or cause
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What is Dysaesthesia
Unpleasant, abnormal sensation
(can be spontaneous or evoked)
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What is Nociceptive?
Causing pain
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What is Vasculitis?
Inflammation of a vessel
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Define is Claudication?
Limping caused by impaired blood supply to the legs
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Define Neurexeresis
Tearing out or evulsion of a nerve
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Define Adrenergic
Neurons at the synapse of a nerve that allow for neurotransmitters to be released
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What is Endogenous
Develops or originates within the organism
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What is Neoplasm?
Abnormal growth of tissue
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What is Epinosis?
Imaginary feeling of illness followed by a real illness
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What is Neuropathy?
General term meaning a distrubance in the PNS
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What is the Cauda Equina?
Lower part of the spinal cord
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What is Ectopic?
Out of place
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What is Neurilemma?
Delicate outer sheath of a nerve fiber
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What is Ligamentum Flavum?
Paired bands of yellow elastic tissue that connect adjoining vertebrae
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How long is Subacute?
Between acute and chronic
-3 weeks - 3 months
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What is Amyloidosis?
Glycoprotein deposited extracellarly in tissues' leads to a variety of diseases
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What is Hyperplasia?
Abnormal multiplication or increase in cells
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What is Cytokines?
Non-antibody proteins secreted by cells that has a specific effect on interactions between cells, on communications between cells or on the behavior or cells
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What is Fascia?
Flat layers of tissue that seperate different layers of tissue
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What is Articular fascet?
Small surface of bone that forms a joint with another bone
Example: vertebrae
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What is Parineurial?
Surrounding a nerve or nerve fiber
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What is Spondylosisthesis?
One vertebrae sliding on top of another
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What is Epineurium?
Connective tissue, sheath of a nerve that binds the nerves into nerve bundles
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What is Radiculopathy?
Disease of a nerve root
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What is Denervation?
Removal of nerve supply to a tissue
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What is Idiopathic Polyneuritis?
Pain of unknown origin; usually in the limbs
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What is Severe Idiopathic Polyneuritis?
Also known as Guillian Barre Syndrome
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What is Pars?
A portion or part of
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What is Deafferentation?
Loss of sensory input from any part of the body; usually caused by an interruption of PNS
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What is CSF?
- Cebrebral Spinal Fluid -Watery Fluid
- -Continuously Produced and Aborbed
- -Surrounds ventricles of the brain and spinal cord
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What is MDT?
Multi Drug Therapy
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What is Myelogram?
- Diagnostic procedure where a dye is injected into a spinal cord
- -Reveals anatomy of spinal cord
- -Used to check narrowing
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What is Aetiology?
- The origin of something
- -Examiining the causes of a particular phenomenae
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What is Conus Medullaris?
Tapering lower extremity of the spinal cord
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What is evulsion?
Forceful pulling out or extraction
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What is Sciatica?
Pain radiating down lower back to the theigh
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What is Hyperalgesia?
An increased intensity of normal pain sensations. In reality, it is an increased nervous system response to stimulus that causes pain.
Hyperalgesia is one possible outcome of damaged nerves.
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What is Paravertebral?
Alongside a vertrebrae or vertebral column
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