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function of the nevous system
recieves and interprets messages about what the body is doing feeling and then decides how to respond
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two cells involved in the nevous system
neurons and neuroglia
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neurons
carry electrical and chemical messages between the brain and the body
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neuroglia
support and nourish neurons, rapain the brain aftery injury and attack invading bacteria
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effectors
- signals traval along the neurons, pass through the synapes and move onto muscles and glands
- help body respond to enviornmental changes
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sensory receptors
- temperature
- pain
- touch
- presssur
- proprioception
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special sences
- smell
- taste
- equilibrium
- hearing
- and vision
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central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
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peripheral nervous system
network of nerves radiating from the CNS throughout the body
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dendrites
collet/recieve electrical signals
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cell body
contains nucleus
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axon
delivers electrical signals to dendrites of another cell
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sensory neurons
carry imput toward the CNA
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motor neurons
carry information away from the CNS
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interneurons
link sensory and motor neurons within the brain or spinal cord
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myelin sheath
- formed by schwan cells that wrap around the axon
- insulates neurons, prevent sidways message transmission, and thus increase transmission speed
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nerves
bundles of myelinated axons in the PNS
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nerve tracts
myelinated axons bundled together in the CNS
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node of ranvier
- myelin sheath has tiny unmyelinated gaps
- nerve impulses jump from gap to gap increasing the signal speed
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synapse
- made up of a terminal button on the presynaptic neuron
- filled with neurotransmitters
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alzheimers disease
defect in acetylcholine function
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parkinsons disease
progresseve disease caused by malfunctioning of duons that produce dopamine- controls emotions and complex movements
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Sense organs transmit
information to the CNS- seat of itenlligence, learning, memory, and emotion
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the brain and spinal cord
are protected by bone and are protected by meninges-connective tissue
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cerebrospinal fluid
surrounds and cushions the CNS and fills its cavities
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spinal cord
- composed of fibers that control reflexes and transmit impulses to and from the brain
- interneurons
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brain areas
- cerebrum
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- cerebellum
- brain stem
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cerebrum
controls language memory sensations and decision making
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temporal lobe
processes auditory and visual info, memory and emotion
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occipital lobe
visual info
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parietal lobe
touch info and self awarness
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frontal lobe
processes voluntary muscle movements and involved with planning organizing future behavior
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thalamus
- relays imput between brain and spinal cord
- pain pressue and temp info passes into the cerebrum
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cerebrum
processes the input and sends appropriate signals to the spinal cord and to muscles
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hypothalamus
- controls sex drive,. pain, pleasure, hunger thirst bp and body temp
- regulates egg and sperm production and the menstraul cycle
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