VS 4 triage

Pupil dilation

Saliva Production reduced

mucus prodution reduced

increase HR and force

bronchial muscle relaxed

peristalsis reduced

motility reduced

motility reduced

increased conversion of glycogen glucose

decreased urine secretion

norepinephrine and epinephrine secreted

wall relaxed/sphincter closed

pupil constriction

saliva prod. increased

mucus production increased

decreased HR and force

bronchial muscle contracted

gastric juice secreted; motility increased

digestion increased

secretions and motility increased

increased urine secretion

wall contracted/sphincter relaxed

muscle incoordination

muscle weakness that may lead to paralysis

spasm, head and neck are arched backward, poor prognosis

K-9 only sever spinal cord injury front legs extended & rigid hind legs paralyzed

the sense of body placement foot knuckling delay in righting response indicates cerebellar injury

• cyclic hyperventilation
• cycles to perods of apnea
• cerebrum damage

long inspiration with pause

blink reflex; last reflex to go

touch medial cantus; sensory and motor nerves of the eyelids

afferent & efferent pathways; Only tests for functioning of autonomic control of pupil

movent towards the eye

involuntary movement of eyes

cross-eyed

voluntary portion -skeletal muscle

• Involuntary
• -smooth muscle and glands
• Sympathetic-fight or flight
• Parasympathetic-Rest & digest

• Cerebrum
• Diencephalon
• Cerebellum
• Brainstem

higher order of behavior contols muscle movement

• thalmus
• hypothalmus

regulates motor activity of the trunk, limbs, and head equilibrium

• midbrain
• pons
• medulla oblongata

• HR
• -RR
• -blood vessel diameter
• -swallowing
• -vomitting

• 1 Counscious
• 2 Hysterical
• 3 depressed
• 4 Stupor
• 5 Coma

sensory, senses pain or stimuli

Motor fx

C7,T13 L7 S3 ca 3-24

bundle of nerves that intervate the front limbs

C5-C2

intovates the hind limbs

L4-S3

repeted seizures w/o any demonstraited cause, animal normal between seizures

phenobarbital, Potassium Bromide

• goldens
• germans
• toy poodles
• labs

Continual seizure activity 5-10 mins in duration Always and emergency

prolonged uninterupted seizure activity

• ~valium rectally (sodium pentobarbital)
• ~establish an airway
• ~Place IV in recurrent tarsal vein
• ~cool bath if above 105
• ~+/- diuretics/steroids
• ~gen. anethesia if seizures dont stop

acute rupture of annulus fibrosis (young animals with short legs and long back)

• chronic issue occuring primarily in large breed dogs
• -bouldging disk

pain, unilateral or Bilateral paralysis, decreased response during panniculus tst, altered deep pain, fecal and urinary incontinance

• Medical
• Confinement
• Analgesia
• Steroid admin
• *Surgical*
• laminectomy asap

long term steroids and physical therapy

neurologic equipment that helps to precieve one position in space

roational exceleration, detects tumbling

detects up from down

• ataxia
• headtilt (halmark)
• motion sickness
• circling
• nystagmus
• hard to control facial muscles

• otitus interna
• thyamin dif
• trauma
• middle ear pollips

otoscopic exam

• tranquilizers
• cage rest
• maclazine-Dramamine

• impaired pulmonary fx
• hypoventilation
• ineffective delievery w/in the body
• increased tissue O₂ demand
• inadequate inpired conc. of O₂

cyanosis (late stage)

• cyanosis
• anxiety
• tachypnea
• panting
• excessive effort (abdominal breathing)
• extended head and neck
• tachycardia
• aggression and thrashing

• partial pressure O₂ concentration
• pressure of arterial oxygen
• measure from arterial blood
• GTT
• pt must be off O₂
• bst indicator of pulmonary fx

85-105mmhg

• amt of Hb saturated w. O₂
• norm 95% or greater
• hypoxia 90% or below
• HR and Pulse tare should be the same

• body temp
• mvmnt
• skin pigmentation

• create an O₂ rich enviornment
• 40% or greater

• fibrosis
• pulmonary edema
• atelectisis
• hemorrhage
• blindness

• flow by
• mask
• nasal prongs
• oxygen tent
• oxyhood
• nasal catherter

• Intratracheal Cath
• O₂ Cage

• aquired
• -lead toxicity
• -2ndary to rabies
• -trauma
• Idiopathic
• -middle to older large breed dogs
• Hereditary
• -neutered male dogs

• inspiritory stridor
• resp. Distress
• exercise intolerance
• Voice (bark) change
• dyspnea
• sinosis

Laryngoscopy

arytenoidectomy (vocal folds)

• common dog tick
• rocky mtn wood tick

salivary neuro toxin by female tck intereferes with release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junction

• paralysis of hind limb that leads to flacid paralysis
• presence of tick

• adult 60% of body weight
• neonate 80%

40% of body weight

20% of BW

• interstitual fluids
• 15%

intervascular 5%

• urine
• blood
• vomit
• diarrhea

• perspiration
• respiration
• fecal loss

• crystalloid
• Colloids
• hemoglobin based O₂ carrying solutions
• blood products
• inravenous nutrition

h2o with sodium or glucose may contain electrolytes

• for rapid replacement of intravascular volume and electrolytes
• ~ dehydratio
• ~hemorrage
• ~shock

• ringers solution
• replacement crystalloid
• lactaed or non lactaded

do not use in neonates geriatrics or lver failure pts

replacement cystalloids

indicated in a pt w. norm physiologic losses but cannot intake fluid

30mls/lbs/hr

• 0.45% NaCl+dextrose
• LRS+dextrose
• plasmalyte-56

• Pulls fluid into vessels
• indicated for pts who are
• severly hypovolemic
• severly dehydrated
• usually in shock

works quick but leaves the body fast follow with replace. crystalloids

• GDV pts
• Colon torsion pts

7.2% NaCl

used to infuse iv meds

fluid w. a high molecular weight that do not readily leave the intravascular space

expands IV vol. by drawing fluids in and holding it there

• hypovolemia
• sepsis
• pancreantitis
• gastroenteritis
• burn pts

• plasma
• hetastarch
• dextrans
• oxyglobin

• coagulopathys
• heart dz
• pulmonary dz

syntetic crosslinked bovine HB

• IMHA
• AIHA
• hemorrage
• rat poison

• rapid o2 trans to tissues
• universally compatable
• last longer than rbc

• invalidates plasma evals
• acts as a colloid
• bad for heart and lung pts

used to replace whole blood

• 15-30mins at 0.11 ml/lb/min (watch for reaction)
• then give entire unit w/in 4hrs

• for pts where enteral nutri. not feasible
• admin through peripheral or central vein