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Induction period Def.
Taking animal from conscious level to unconscious level
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2 Types of induction agents
- **1.Injectables - quicker
- 2.inhalant
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Route for injectables
IV or IM
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Look for 2 effects for induction
- Unconsciousness
- Relaxed jaw tone
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2 Techniques for inhalants
- Blast em tech
- Nice war tech
- *never use gas induction on bracycephalics
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Indications fo intubating
- 1.Provide a patent airway
- 2.Prevent aspiration
- 3.Provide efficient gas delivery
- 4.Decrease physiologic dead space
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3 causes of difficult intubation
- *1.Poor pt positioning
- 2.Laryngospasms
- 3.inadequate plane of anesthesia
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Maintenance Period Def
- Period of time following induction in which a stable level of anesthesia is achieved.
- -want a slight in in HR and RR due to Sx stim
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Stages and planes of anesthesia
- Stage 1 - Awake / all reflexs
- Stage 2 - invol excitement stage / goes from conscious to unconscious
- Stage 3 (plane 1) - Intubation / reflexs sluggish
- Stage 3 (plane 2) - Sx done here / Inc HR & RR / reflexs absent
- Stage 3 (plane 3) - Deep plane / HR & RR down or norm / reflexs most absent
- Stage 3 (plane) 4 - Overdose / HR & RR way down
- Stage 4 - CPR needed to maintain life
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Protective Reflexs
- Palpebral - touch medial canthus of eye
- Pedal - Toe pinch
- Ear Flick - hair in ear
- Swallow - lost S3P1
- Eye Rotation - S3P2 rotate medial and ventral / center = light or deep
- Jaw Tone - should never be absent
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Why is animal getting too deep?
- *1.individual variation
- 2.Ventilation too freq.
- 3.improper vaporizer function
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Stuff we are monitoring
- 1. Cardiovascular
- 2. Respiratory
- 3. CNS
- 4. Blood Pressure
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Causes of Hypotension
- 1.Bradycardia
- *2.Hypovolemia
- 3.Anesthetic
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3 ways to measure BP
- 1.Doppler
- 2.Oscillometric
- *3.Direct Arterial BP
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(Machines - How to hook up / Gives? / Norms)
Doppler
- 1.Cuff = 40% diameter of leg
- How? - place crystal concase side down on artery, taped.
- Gives? - Systolic BP , HR
- Norms? - HR = D 60-160, C 140-240, H 30-40
- / - Systolic BP = 100-160 bpm
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(Machines - How to hook up / Gives? / Norms)
Pulse Oximeter
- How? - placed on non-pigmented skin
- Gives? - SaO2(amt of Hgb saturated O2) / Pulse Rate
- Norms? - SaO2 > 95%
1.Erroneous readings - Probe placement
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(Machines - How to hook up / Gives? / Norms)
Capnograph
- ow? - 1.Mainstream=within circuit 2. Sidestream=in machine(scavenge)
- Hook to ET tube and breathing circuit
- Gives? - RR / End tidal CO2 / Inspiratory CO2
- Norms? - 8-20bpm / 35-45mmHg / 0-5mmHg
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Why ventilate every 5mins
- Blow off CO2
- Prevent Atalectisis
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(Machines - How to hook up / Gives? / Norms)
Mechanical Ventilator
- How? - res bag port
- Controls? - Inspiratory press(15-20H2O)/time , Tidal Volume , Respitory Rate
1.Volume cycle Ventilator - must set tidal volume
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Electric in Heart
SA node > AV Node > Bundle of HIS > Perkinjie Fibers
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(Machines - How to hook up / Gives? / Norms)
ECG
- How? - White Right Axill. / Black Left Axill. / Red Left Inguin. / Green Right Inguin.
- Gives? - HR / Heart Rythms
- Norms? -
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Artifacts on ECG
- 1.Movement
- 2.Cautery
- 3.Dental Equipment
- 4.Driedout electrodes
- 5.60 cycle nterference
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Systemic approach to eval ECG
- 1.Rate
- 2.R to R
- 3.P for every QRS
- 4.QRS for every P
- 5.QRS Normal?
- 6.T Waves normal?
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Anticholinergics
- 1.Dry Secretions
- 2.Prevent Bradycardia
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Atropine Sulfate
- Atropine
- Anticholinergics
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Tranqs. Phenothiazine group
Hypotension,Hypothermia,Lowers seizure threshold
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Tranqs. Benzodiazepine group
Skele muscle relax , Anticovulsant
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Flumazenil
Reversal agent for benzodiazepines
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Tranqs. Butyrophenones group
Droperidol (in Innovar-Vet) with Fentanyl
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Alpha-2-Agonists / Sedatives / Thiazines deriv
Muscle relaxtion , analgesthia , bradycardia
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Dexmedetomidine
- Dex Domitor
- Alpha-2-agonist
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Reversals for Alpha-2-Agon.
- Yohimbine
- Tolaxoline
- Atipamazole
- Doxapram (Dopram-V)
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Opioids
- Morphine - P Ag
- Oxymorphone (Numophan) - P Ag
- Fentanyl (Sublimaze) - P Ag
- Butorpahnol (Torb) - Mixed
- Buprenorphine (Buprenex) - Partial Ag
- Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) - P Ag
- M-99 (Entrophine) - P Ag
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Opioid Reversals
- Naloxone (Narcan) - P Antag
- Butorphanol - Mixed
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NSAID
- Phenylbutazone (Butazolidin)
- Carprofen (Rimadyl)
- Deracoxib (Deramaxx)
- Acetominophen (Tylenol)
- Meloxicam (Metacam)
- Tepoxlin (Zubrin)
Anti-inflam, Analgesics , Anti-pyretic
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