rocks rivers glaciers

Smallest stream with no tributaries equals the FIRST ORder

When two first order streams merge to a third order

the higher order

10th

the amount of sediment transported by a river

coarse/sediment that moves along the river bed by rollling, sliding or saltationo

fine grained material held in the water by turbulence

energy in water (velocity)

errosion

depositons

amount of water flowing down a river

curvyness of a river

• Multiple channeis that split and recombine
• steeper gradient
• higher velocity
• higher sediment
• lower discharge

• single channel that winds back and forth over flat area called a FLOOD PLAIN
• flatter gradient
• lower velocity
• lower sediment load
• higher discharge

• young stream = immature landscape
• steep V- shaped valley
• stepper gradient and higher velocity
• low sinuosity (straighter)

• wide flood plain
• flatter gradient and lower velocity
• higher sinoucity

• inside meanders
• meandering shape but steep valley and steep gradient
• due to rapid uplift

river was there befor the mountains uplifted

reveal the nature and structure of the rocks underneath it

• tributaries join the main stream at an acute angle (forming V or Y) pointing down stream.
• pattern resembles branches of a tree or nerve dendrites
• most common type of pattern

streams diverge outward like spokes of a wheel, forms on high conical mountains such as composite volcanoes and domes

tributaries have frequent 90 bends and tend to join other streams at right angles develops on regularly fractured rock

• consists of parallel main streams with short tributaries meeting them at right angles
• form in a region where tiltied layers of resistant rock such as sandstone alternate with nonresistant rock like shale

delta

dry delta from an desert stream

• 2 billion
• widen and deepen river channel
• raised prodo dam by 40 ft
• built new dam called seven oaks dam

volume of open pore space/ total volume of rock

• rate that water can flow through a rock
• depends on the amount of CONNECTED pore space

rock with high porosity and permiability

rock with low porosity and permiability

rock with no/very low porosity and permiability

dose not have an aquiclude over it

has an aquicude over it

water rises out of the aquifier and flows to the surface without being pumped

water rises out of aquifier but not to the surface

when ever the accumulation of snow greater then the melting

confined within a valley in a mountain range

• v shaped valley
• gentle rounded topography
• tributeries can cut down to same level as main stream

• u shaped valley with steeper walls and wider valley floor
• sharp angular topography
• main glaciers can cut down much deeper then tributaries leaves HANGING VALLEY behind

sharp ridge between glaciers

• sharp glarized mountain peak
• ex)matahorn

a bowl shaped depression at the head of the glacier

• lake within a cirque
• (rock basin lake)

• immature glacial sediment
• very angular
• unsorted (by size)

large boulders randomly left by glaciers

an accumulmation of till

mean its not moving as fast as it use to not melting as quickly

valley flooded by rising sea level

glacial (U shaped ) estuary

cover large areas, flows away from an area of high snowfall, can be more then 3 miles thick

• 3 in the world today
• green land
• east antartic
• west antartic

tear drop shaped hills made of tills

ridge made sediment deposted by sterein floring within or on top of glacier

• depression left when sediment was depesived a stranded block of ice
• usually forms a pond or lake

grooves cut into rocks that tell us the directions the glacier was moving