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What are the three primary functions of the digestive system? What happens in each one?
- Intake and Digestion
- - Intake of water, vitamins and minerals + digestion of food
- Absorption
- - Abosprtion of particles, water and etc. into blood
- Elimination
- - Eliminate any unused material in form of semisolid waste.
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What are the parts of the oral cavity?
- - Upper and lower teeth
- - Hard and soft palates
- - Palatine Uvula
- - Toungue
- - Pharynx
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What are the three Salivary Glands?
- - Parotid
- - Submandibular
- - Sublingual
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Are Salivary Glands considered Accesory organs?
Yes
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What is the cemical composition of saliva?
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How much saliva do you secrete daily?
1k to 15k mL daily
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What does Saliva do? What does it do to starch?
Saliva helps dissolves food to begin digestion. It has enzymes that begins the digestion of starch.
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What is the act of swallowing known as?
Degluition
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How long is the pharynx?
12.5 cm long
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What are the three parts of the pharynx? Where are they?
- - Nasophayrnx: Poseterior to the bony nasal septum and nasal cavities.
- - Oropaharynx: Directly posterior to oral cavity proper
- - Laryngopharynx: Extends for the epiglottis to the level of lower border of the cricoid cartilage.
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What does the tounge help prevent?
It prevents food from comig back to the mouth.
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What does the epiglottis do?
Covers the laryngeal opening.
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How long is your esophogus? ( or Gullet )
9 and 3/4s inches or 25 cm long.
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Where does the esophagus start?
- Posetrior to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage.
- or
- At level of C6
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Where does the esophagus end?
Level of T11
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Where is the esophagus most constricted?
- - Entrance of Thorax
- - When it passes through the Diaphragm
- - When it goes through the mediastainum where its indentated by the aortic arch and the left primary bronchus
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What is peristalsis?
Wavelike series of involuntary muscular contraction that brings food through.
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What is the greek and latin name for stomach?
- Gastr - Greek
- Latin - Ventriculus
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What is the portion of the esophagus between the stomach and diaphraghm?
Cardiac Antrum
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What is the opening between the esophagus and the stomach?
Esophagogastric Junction ( Cardiac orifice )
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What is the Rugae?
Gastric Folds ( Internal Folds of stomach )
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What is the gastric canal formed by?
Formed by ruagae along hte lesser curavture to move fluids directly to the pylorus
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What is the most superior part of the stomach?
Fundus
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What are the two curvatures of the stomach
- Lesser - Medial
- Greater - Lateral Part
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Where is the Pylorus?
Pretty much the last part of the stomach.
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What part of the pylorus goes into the duodenum?
Pyloric Orifice
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What are the parts of the Pylorus?
- Pyloric Antrum - Entrance
- Pyloric Canal - Middle of it
- Pylroic Sphincter - End.
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How does the air move in the supine position inside the stomach? How does barium move ?
- Air moves the distal part of the body and some of the pylorus.
- Barium will go through the distal portion of the pylorus and gravitate to the proximal pylorus.
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How does barium an air move through toe stomach in prone position?
- Air moves to the fundus and the distal portion of the pylorus.
- Barium will gravitate to the body and the proximal pylorus.
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How long is the duodenum?
10 inches
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What is the 1st portion of the bowel?
Duodenum
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What shape is the duodenum?
C-shaped.
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Where does the duoednenum end?
Ends at ligament of Treitz but continues into Jejunum.
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Where is the pancreas?
It is nestled in the C loop of the duodenum ( Its wrapped around the pancreas )
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What is the mixing and churning activity in the small bowel wcalled?
Rhythmic Segmentation.
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What is chyme?
When contents are churned and mixed with stomach fluids.
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Double contrasts are done for what?
To visualize the stomach and esophageal mucosa
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What do esophagrams show?
- - Anatomical anomalies
- - Impaired swallowing
- - Foreign body obstruction
- - Esosphageal reflux
- - Esophageal varices
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What should you do for patient preparation?
Remove clothing and anything metallic and then gown.
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What do you do to see esophageal reflux?
- Breathing exercises ( Valsava Manuver )
- Water test
- Compression Paddle Tecnique
- Toe Touch Test ( reaching down to your toe )
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For doign esophagrams, do you use grids?
Yes.
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Where is the CR fror an esophagram?
T5 - T6, Lightfield should be 2 inches above shoulder.
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What positions are used for an esophagram?
RAO, Right Lateral, AP
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