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AP Foot
10 x 12 (LW – divide in half)
60 kVp 3.3 mAs 40" SID
Pt seated or recumbent on table
plantar surface resting flat on cassette
angle CR 10 degrees posteriorly (toward heel) entering base of 3rd metatarsal
direct CR to base of 3rd metatarsal
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Foot AP oblique
10 x 12 (LW – divide in half)
60 kVp 4.2 mAs
Pt seated or recumbent on table
rotate foot medially to place plantar surface 30 – 40 degrees to plane of IR
use 45 degree sponge to prevent motion
CR perp to IR
directed to base of 3rd metatarsal
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Lateral Foot
8 x10 (small foot) or 10 x 12 (large foot) (CW)
60 kVp 5 mAs
Pt seated or recumbent on table
turn patient to a lateral position and flex knee ofaffected limb
place opposite leg behind affected leg
Dorsiflex the foot to place it in a true lateral
Plantar surface of foot should be perp to IR
CR perp to medial cuneiform
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Calcaneus - Plantodorsal (axial)
8 x 10 – CW (divide in half using lead mask)
70 kV 5 mAs
pt seated or supine with leg fully extended
Dorsiflex foot so plantar surface is near perp to IR
Loop gauze, tourniquet, or tape around foot and ask
pt to pull gently to hold plantar surface near perp to IR
Angle CR 40 degrees cephalad and center to base of 3rd metatarsal
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Calcaneus - Lateral
8 x 10 – CW (other half of cassette)
60 kVp 5 mAs
Place pt in a lateral recumbent position
flex knee 45 degrees and place opposite leg behind affected leg
Bring plantar surface perp to IR, placing foot and ankle in a true lateral position
Dorsiflex foot so it forms a right angle with lower leg
CR directed to 1" inferior to medial malleolus
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AP Ankle
10 x 12 – CW (divide in half using lead mask)
65 kVp 6.7 mAs
Pt supine or seated on table
leg extended and foot & ankle in true AP
CR perp to midway between malleoli
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AP Ankle Mortise
10 x 12 – CW (divide in half using lead mask)
65 kVp 6.7 mAs
Pt supine or seated on table
Internally rotate entire leg and foot 15 - 20 degrees until intermalleolar line is perp to IR
CR perp to midmalleoli
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Lateral Ankle
10 x 12 lw
65 kVp 6.7 mAs
pt lateral recumbent
Turn pt in a lateral position and flex knee 45 degrees
place opposite leg behind affected leg
dorsiflex foot
CR perp to medial malleolus
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AP Knee
8 x 10 – LW
75 kV 10 mAs Bucky
internally rotate leg just 3 – 5 degrees to place knee in a true AP
align CR parallel to articular facets
CR is directed ½” distal to apex of patella
CR perp to IR
5 degrees caudad for thin thighs
5 degrees cephalad for thick thighs
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Medial Oblique Knee
8 x 10 – LW
75 kV 10 mAs Bucky
internally rotate entire leg 45 degrees to place knee in a true AP
align and center leg and knee to CR and to midline of IR
direct CR to midpoint of the knee at a level ½” distal to apex of patella
CR perp to IR
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Lateral - Mediolateral Knee
8 x 10 - LW
75 kV 10 mAs
pt in a lateral position
flex affected knee 20 - 30 degrees
place unaffected leg behind pt (make sure to prevent overrotation)
femoral epicondyles should be superimposed
angle CR 5 - 7 degrees cephalad entering 1" distal to medial epicondyle
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AP Tibia/Fibula
14 x 17 – diagonal
70 kV 6.7 mAs
Anode heel effect… place knee at cathode end
patient supine with leg extended and pelvis, knee, & hip should be in a true AP projection
be sure to include both joints
CR perp to IR
CR directed to midpoint of leg
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Lateral Tibia/Fibula
14 x 17 – diagonal
70 kV 6.7 mAs
Anode heel effect… place knee at cathode end
patient in a lateral recumbent position
place opposite leg behind affected leg
be sure to include both ankle and knee joints
CR perp to IR
CR directed to midpoint of leg
collimate on both sides to skin margins
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AP Pelvis
14 x 17 – CW
80 kV 15 mAs
Patient supine, lower limbs internally rotated 15-20 degrees
CR directed midway between ASIS and symphysis pubis (approximately 2" inferior to level of ASIS)
Collimate to cassette size
Suspend respiration during exposure
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AP Unilateral Hip
10 x 12 LW
80 kV 15 mAs
patient supine, internally rotate lower limb 15- 20 degrees
CR directed 1-2" distal to midfemoral neck
collimate to cassette size
suspend respiration during exposure
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Unilateral "frog-leg" Hip (modified Cleaves method)
10 x 12 CW
80 kV 15 mAs
patient supine, flex knee and hip
abduct femur 45 degrees from vertical
CR directed to midfemoral neck
collimate to cassette size
suspend respiration during exposure
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