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individuals enjoy the rights to freedom of speech against actions and laws by state and local governments
decision in gitlow v New York
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freedom of the press first included under the 14th amendment in an effort to protect individuals from the actions by state and local officials
decision in Near v. Minnesota
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false harmful statements made in written form, not constitutionally-protected form of speech
libel
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New York Times Company v United States dealt with the issue of
freedom of press
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the free exercise clause of the 1st amendment has been expanded largely through legal challenges involving which religous denomination
jehovah's witnesses
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the clear and present danger test was established by the US supreme court in its decision in the case of
schenck v united states
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the US supreme court decision in brandenburg v ohio dealt with the issue of
freedom of speech
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limit on first amendment rights not generally accepted by the courts as constitutional
prior restraint
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as a result of miller v california, the current test for obscenity is based on
community standards
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before a judge will issue the police a warrant authorizing a search, the police mus establish
probable cause
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the right to have an attorney present during police questioning while in custody emerged fromt the court case of
miranda v arizona
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the US supreme court reactivated the death penalty in the US was the case of
gregg v georgia
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the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment can be found in the
8th amendment
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the US supreme court first explicitly recognized a right to privacy in the case of
griswold v connecticut
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the majority opinion by Justice william o doublas concluded that a right to privacy exists as an unstated element of several rights in the bill of rights
1st, 3rd, 4th, and 5th
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the US sepreme courts decision in planned parenthood v Casey
limited reproductive rights
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in Roe v Wade, what state had its statute challenged?
texas
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what case adressed whether minors had to obtain parental consent before terminating pregnancy
planned parenthood v casey
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the two part of the dual court systems in the US are
state and federal system
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legal proceedings in which the gov seeks to prove that an individual is guilty of a crime and deserves punishment for a crime are
criminal prosecutions
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legal actions filled by individuals seeking compensation from private parties contract violations, personal injury, and related issues are
civil lawsuits
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the US supreme court is an
appellate court
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a writ of ceritorari
transfers jurisdiction from a lower court to the US supreme court
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to hear a specific case how many justices must vote to hear a case?
4
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the US supreme court is composed of
9 justices
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in the american legal system, original jurisdiction refers to
court with the authority to hear the case in the first instance
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a concurring opinion refers to an opinion
by a judge who agrees with the decision of the majoity but wishes to present an alternative reason for their opinion
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what topic is not a part of article 3 of the constitution
judicial review
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the chief justice of the US supreme court in 1803 was
John Marshall
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many scholars believe that judges need to interpret constitutions and statuses because
the law is frequently ambiguous and in need of interpretation
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the idea that judges sometimes interject their own opinions and preferences into their decisions and constitutional interpretation is referred to as
judicial activism
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contemporay judges are able to give meaning to the words in the US constitution in light of current values and policy problems
flexible interpretation
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the department of justice is headed by
the attorney general of the US
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privatization has been suggested as a cure for the problems of gov bureaucracy because
private buissnesses deliver services and benefits with greater efficiency and less expense than gov bureaucracies
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most contempory scholars view the concept of the iron triange as
limited and outdated
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the great depression began with
the stock market crash of 1929
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Max weber lived between
1864-1920
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the best example of standardization is when
americans from two differnt regions of the country receive the same benefits from the government
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the use of private military contractors in Iraq is an example of
privatization
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what refers to the collections of interest groups scholars and other experts that interact with each other regarding public policy concerns and issues of interest
issue networks
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