-
Anterior
Before or in front of
-
Posterior
Behind of or in back of
-
Medial
Closer to the middle
-
Lateral
Further away from the middle
-
Proximal
Nearest the point of attachment
-
Distal
Farthest away from trunk
-
Inferior
Closer to the feet or lower part of body
-
-
-
Caudel
Closer to feet or lower part of body
-
-
-
Ipsilaterial
On the same side
-
Contralateral
On the opposite side
-
Ventral
Before or in front of
-
Dorsal
Behind or in back of
-
aneurysm
localized dilation of an artery
-
-
arrhythmia
any deviation from the normal pattern of the heartbeat
-
arteriosclerosis
hardening of arterial walls
-
atherosclerosis
type of arteriosclerosis characterized by deposits of cholesterol in the walls of arteries
-
bradycardia
slow heart rate
-
claudication
weakness of the legs accompanied by calf pain due to poor circulation
-
cyanosis
bluish skin discoloration caused by an excess of deoxygenated hemoglobin
-
diastole
time between contractions of the atria or ventricles when blood enters
-
embolism
sudden obstruction of an artery by a clot or other foreign substance
-
hyperlipidemia
excess of lipids in the plasma
-
hypertension
elevated blood pressure
-
infarction
obstruction of circulation followed by ischemic necrosis
-
ischemia
deficiency of blood supply to a part
-
murmur
low-pitched blowing or humming sound caused by turbulent blood flow
-
myocardial infarction
heart attack
-
necrosis
death of area of tissue or bone
-
palpitation
pulsations of the heart that are perceptible to the client
-
systole
contraction of the heart
-
tachycardia
rapid heart rate
-
thrombophlebitis
inflammation of a vein
-
varicose
dilated or bulging veins
-
ventricular fibrillation
cardiac arrhythmia maked by rapid, disorganized depolarizations of the ventricles
-
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
-
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid within the abdominal cavity
-
ballottement
palpation technique used to assess a floating object
-
borborygmi
audible bowel sounds
-
bruit
murmur (blowing sound) heard over peripheral vessels
-
cirrhosis
disease characterized by destruction of liver parenchyma
-
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
-
cholelithiasis
gallstones
-
diverticulum
pouch in the walls of a canal or organ
-
divericulitis
inflammation of the diveriticulum
-
esphagitis
inflammation of the esphogus
-
flatulence
presence of an excessive amount of gas in the GI tract
-
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
-
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa
-
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
-
hepatomegaly
abnormal liver enlargement
-
hernia
protrusion of an organ through the wall containing it
-
organomegaly
enlargement of abdominal organs
-
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancrease
-
peristalsis
wavelike movement
-
peritoneum
membrane lining the abdominal organs and cavity
-
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
-
splenomegaly
abnormal spleen enlargement
-
viscera
internal organs enclosed within the abdomen
-
acromegaly
disease characterized by bone enlargement due to excess production of growth hormone
-
Addison's disease
disease resulting from deficiency of adrenocortical hormones
-
cretinism
congenital condition due to lack of thyroid secretion
-
Cushing's disease
disease reulting from hypersecretion of glucocorticoids
-
dieabetes insipidus
disease caused by inadequate secretion of vasopressin
-
diabetes mellitus
chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by hyperglycemia
-
diabetic ketoacidosis
hyperglycemia with disruption of fluid, electrolyte, and pH balance leading to coma
-
gigantism
condition resulting from excessive growth hormone production
-
goiter
enlargement of the thyroid gland
-
hyperglycemia
increase of blood sugar
-
hyperthyroidism
condition caused by excessive secretion of the thyroid gland
-
myxedema
condition resulting from decreased function of the thyroid gland
-
pheochromocytoma
tumor of the sympathoadrenal system producing norepinephrine and epinephrine
-
polyphagia
eating abnormally large amounts of food
-
thyroid nodule
discrete enlargement within the thyroid gland
-
thyrotoxicosis
toxic condition due to overactivity of the thyroid gland
-
-
atrophy
thinning of skin surface
-
cellulitis
skin infection
-
clubbing
curvature of nails with soft tissue sweeling
-
cyst
elevated lesion filled with liquid or semisolid material
-
ecchymosis
red-purple dicoloration
-
eczema
inflammatory skin condition
-
edema
abnormal tissue swelling
-
excoriation
loss of epidermis
-
folliculitis
infection of the hair follicle and dermis
-
fissure
linear crack from epidermis to dermis
-
furuncle
acute, localized staphyloccal infection
-
hirsutism
excessive growth of hair or in unusual places
-
keloid
progressively enlarging scar
-
macule
flat brown, red, purple, white, or tan lesion
-
nodule
firm, elevated 1-2 cm. lesion
-
onycholysis
loosening of nail from nailbed
-
papule
elevated, firm brown, pink, tan, or bluish red lesion less than 2 cm. in diameter
-
paronychia
infection around nail margin
-
petechiae
red-purple nonblanchable discoloration less than .5 cm. in diameter
-
psoriasis
chronic skin disease characterized by silvery, scaly plaques
-
purpura
red-purple nonblanchable discoloration greater than .5 cm. in diameter
-
pustule
elevated lesion filled with purulent fluid
-
striae
pinkish or silvery white scarlike lesions
-
tumor
elevated, solid lesion greater than 2 cm. in diameter
-
turgor
resistance of skin to deformation
-
-
wheal
elevated area of cutaneous edema
-
kyphosis
upper thoracic spinal curvature, hunch back
-
arthritis
iflammation of joint
-
osteoporosis
disease resulting in loss of bone density
-
abduction
movement of limbs from trunk
-
adduction
movement of limbs toward trunk
-
ankylosis
immobility of a joint
-
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa(sac) near a joint
-
circumduction
circular movement of a limb
-
-
dorsiflexion
bending part backward at a joint
-
epicondylitis(lateral)
tennis elbow
-
-
extension
moving toward a straight condition
-
external rotation
rotating a limb away from the torso
-
-
internal rotation
rotating a limb toward the torso
-
-
lordosis
lower thoracic spinal convexity
-
-
plantar flexion
extension of foot
-
pronation
act of lying face down; turning hand so palm faces down
-
prone
lying horizontal with face downward
-
supination
turning of hand so palm faces upward
-
supine
lying on back with face upward
-
ulnar deviation
movement toward the elbow
-
valgus
bent outward; bowlegged
-
-
-
-
agnosia
loss of comprehension of sensations
-
anesthesia
loss of sensation
-
aphasia
impeirment of the ability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs
-
apraxia
inability to use objects appropriately
-
ataxia
defective muscular coordination
-
Bell's palsy
unilateral facial paralysis
-
cognition
intellectual function
-
confabulation
using inappropriate words to fill in memory gaps
-
confusion
not being aware of time, place, or self
-
delirium
state of mental confusion and excitement
-
-
dementia
broad impairment of intellectual function
-
disorientation
inability to recognize time, place, or person
-
dyslexia
inability to interpret written language while having normal vision
-
fasciculation
involuntary muscle twitching
-
hyperesthesia
increase sensitivity to touch/pain
-
hypoesthesia
dulled sensitivity to touch/pain
-
labile
rapidly changing emotions
-
multiple sclerosis
inflammatory disease of the central nervous system
-
myasthenia gravis
disease characterized by muscle weakness
-
nuchal rigidity
inability to bend the neck
-
paralysis
temporary or permanent loss of function
-
paresthesia
sensation of numbness or tingling
-
Parkinson's disease
chronic nervvous disease characterized by tremors and muscle weakness
-
reflex
involuntary responce to a stimulus
-
seizure(epileptic)
sudden ttack of altered consciousness and motor activity
-
trigeminal neuralgia
pain along the trigeminal nerve
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Ex-, exo-
Out of, out from
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Para-
By the side of, near
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Super-, supra-
Over, excessive
-
-
-
adnexa
ovaries and fallopian tubes
-
cervix
neck of the uterus
-
cryptorchordism
failure of testicles to descend into scrotum
-
dysmenorrhea
painful menstruation
-
dysplasia(cervical)
abnormal tissue changes of the cervix
-
dyspareunia
painful intercourse
-
ectopic pregnancy
implantation of fertilized ovum outside of uterus
-
endometriosis
uterine tissue located in various sites throughout pelvis and abdominal wall
-
epispadias
congenital opening of urethra on dorsum of penis
-
hydrocele (spermatic)
fluid surrounding the testes
-
hypospadias
congenital opening of urethra on undersurface of penis
-
introitus (vaginal)
vaginal opening
-
leukorrhea
white or yellow discharge from the vagina
-
lithotomy position
position in which client lies supine with thighs flexed upon abdomen and legs upon thighs
-
menopause
cessation of menstrual activity
-
menorrhagia
excessive menstrual bleeding
-
metrorrhagia
bleeding from uterus, especially other than during menstrual period
-
multigravid
a woman who has been pregnant more than one time
-
multiparous
having borne more than one child
-
nulliparous
never having borne a child
-
oligomenorrhea
scanty or infrequent menstrual flow
-
prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate gland
-
salpingitis
inflammation of the fallopian tube
-
varicocele
enlargement of the veins of the spermatic cord
-
vasectomy
removal of all or some of the vas deferens to produce sterility in the male
-
Apnea
cessation of breathing
-
asthma
wheezing resulting from obstruction of the bronchi or spasm of smooth muscle
-
atelectasis
collapse of a lung
-
bradypnea
abnormally slow rate of breathing
-
bronchiestasis
chronic dilation of one or more bronchi
-
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
-
consolidation
process in which liquid or solid replacement of lung parenchyma as exudates from an inflammatory condition is amassed
-
crackles
discrete, noncontinous sound resembling fine crackling heard through a stethoscope
-
crepitus
dry, crackling sound
-
dyspnea
difficult or labored respiration
-
emphysema
condition involving entrapment of air within tissue
-
fremitus
palpable vibration
-
hyperpnea
increased depth of respiration
-
hyperventilation
increase in rate and depth of respiration
-
intercostal space
space between two ribs
-
orthopnea
dyspnea that begins or increases when one lies down
-
parenchyma
tissue of an organ as distinguished from supporting or connective tissue
-
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
sudden onset of dyspnea after a period of lying down
-
percussion
technique used to evaluate size, borders, and consistency of certain internal organs and determine presence of air or fluid
-
pleural effusion
fluid of any kind in the pleutal cavity
-
pleurisy
pleural inflammation accompanied by pain
-
rhonchi
wheezing or snoring sounds produced by airflow across a partially constricted air passage
-
tachypnea
rapid respiratory rate
-
wheeze
high-pitched musical rhonchi
-
-
-
Alveoli-
Small hollow cavity
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cortico-
Pertaining to cortex
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Diastol-
Relax; stand apart
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Glomer-
Wound into a ball
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
stat-, stas-
a standing, stopping
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Amblyopia
Reduction of vision
-
Anisocoria
Inequality of pupil size
-
-
Blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelid margins
-
Chalazion
Small eyelid tumors
-
Conjunctiva
Mucous membrane lining eyelids and eyeball
-
-
Ectropion
Eversion of the eyelid margin
-
Entropion
Inversion of the eyelid margin
-
-
Exophthalmos
Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball
-
-
-
Iritis
Inflammation of the iris
-
-
Mydriasis
Dilation of the pupil
-
Miosis
Constriction of the pupil
-
Nystagmus
Cyclical movement of the eyeball
-
-
-
Photophobia
Intolerance of light
-
Presbyopia
Defect of vision in advancing age
-
Pterygium
Thickening of conjunctiva lining eyeball
-
Ptosis
Upper eyelid drooping
-
Scotoma
Blind gap in the visual field
-
Strabismus
Deviation of eye movement
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-hydrate
Containing water
-
-ia, -sia
Condition process
-
-iasis
Abnormal condition
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-metric, -metry
Measurement
-
-
-
-
-
-ose
Signifies a carbohydrate
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-plasia
Growth, formation
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-tension, -tensin
Pressure
-
-
-
-
-
anuria
lack of urine production
-
cystocele
herniation of bladder into vagina
-
cystoscopy
examination of bladder with cystoscope
-
dialysis
process of diffusing blood across a semipermeable membrane to remove toxins and maintain homeostasis during impaired kidney function
-
dysuria
painful or difficult urination
-
enuresis
involuntary urination
-
lithotripsy
crushing of a stone in the bladder or urethra
-
-
nephrolithiasis
kidney stone
-
nocturia
nighttime urination
-
nocturnal enuresis
bedwetting
-
oliguria
low urine output
-
polyuria
frequent urination
-
pyelonephritis
kidney infection
-
-
residual urine
urine in bladder following urination
-
urethra
canal from the bladder to the outside
-
urethral meatus
external opening of the urethra
-
urgency
feeling one must void
-
urinary catheter
tube passed through urethra into bladder to catch urine
-
urinary incontinence
involuntary urination
-
urinary retention
urine accumulation leading to bladder distention
|
|