anatomy two

Each empties lymph into venous circulation at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins

beginning of Thoracic duct
Receives from 2 lumbar trunks and intestinal trunk

Lymph is propelled by

circulate continuously among the blood, lymph nodes, and lymphatic stream

Reticular cells produce BLANK that supports other cells in lymphoid organs

produce stroma that supports other cells in lymphoid organs

composed of dendritic and B cells, Where B cells proliferate and their progeny produce antibodies

solid, spherical bodies of tightly packed reticular elements and cells

Embedded in connective tissue, in clusters along lymphatic vessels

macrophages destroy microorganisms and debris

lymphocytes are activated and mount an attack (against antigens)

nearly encapsulate the lymph follicles

extend inward and divide the lymph node into compartments

Two histologically distinct regions of lymph node

houses T cells in transit

contains follicles with germinal centers, heavy with dividing B cells

BLANK extend inward from the cortex and contain B cells, T cells, and plasma cells
BLANK contain macrophages, lymph flows freely

Site of lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response
•Cleanses the blood of aged cells and platelets and debris
•Stores breakdown products of RBCs (e.g., iron) for later reuse
•Stores blood platelets

two distinct areas of spleen

in venous sinuses and splenic cords
•Rich in macrophages for disposal of worn-out RBCs and bloodborne pathogens

around central arteries
•Mostly lymphocytes on reticular fibers and involved in immune functions

Differs from other lymphoid organs:
1. It functions strictly in T lymphocyte maturation & immunocompetence
2. It does not directly fight target molecules (antigens)
•The stroma consists of star-shaped epithelial cells (not reticular fibers)

contains densely packed lymphocytes and scattered macrophages

contains thymic (Hassall’s) corpuscles involved in regulatory T cell development (+fewer lymphocytes)

Simplest lymphoid organs
•Form a ring of lymphatic tissue around the pharynx

Epithelial tissue overlying tonsil masses invaginates, forming

trap and destroy bacteria and particulate matter

concave point of tubular entry into kidneys

Fibrous protective layer (covered with fat)

Outer portion of kidney

Inner portion of kidney
Collection of Pyramids

Functional areas of kidney
Production of urine
Look striped
~8/kidney
LOBES
Separated by BLANK

Point of Collecting ducts
converging to Minor Calyces

Drainage from Pyramids

Collecting duct of several
pyramids
2-3/kidney

Funnel from
Major Calyces to Ureter

Off Abdominal Aorta, take ~25% CO

Cortical radiate arteries (to cortex-most blood)

Blood (plasma) is filtered in

Filtrate is run through tubes lined with cells that either reabsorb wanted substances or add more unwanted substances (to/from other capillaries).

low pressure, very porous) Wrap around "urine tubes" to add/subtract from urine

Tuft of fenestrated capillaries (filter)
<3 nm diameter-filtered out
>5 nm (proteins) stay in blood
Blood to BLANK

Mostly in cortex
-Short Loops of Henle
-Many meandering Peritubular Capillaries

at C-M junction
-Long Loops of Henle
-Peritubular Capillaries are few, long, & straight-

Peritubular Capillaries are few, long, & straight-

Smooth muscle cells withgranules of RENINSense BP-Mechanoreceptors

Sense NaCl in Filtrate

Sense Flow (via reabsorption) & cause constriction and dilation