Psychology 101 Final

founder of psychology

• Famous behaviorist
• became one of the most influential of all American psychologist
• organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes they tend not to repeat responses that lead to neutral or negative outcomes

• a branc of psychology concerned whith everyday practical problems
• routine

The premise that knowledge should be acquired though abservation

needs data, document prove

A tentative statement about the relationship berween 2 or more vareables

Describes the actions or operations that will be used to measure or control a variable

• A condition or event that an experimenter varies or maipulates in order to see its impact on another variable
• causes change

• the variable that is thought to be affected by manipulation of the independent variable
• gets changed
• if independent varable is manipulated than dependent changes

small knobs that secrete chemicals which are called neurotransmitters

a junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to another

a process in which neurotransmitters are spinged up from synaptic cleft by the presynaptic neuron

• Rapid Eye Movement
• rapid eef
• dreaming rem and profound muscle relaxating go with rem stage of sleep

• stimulants
• sedatives
• narcotics

A type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity ot evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus

A learned reaction to conditioned stimulus that occurs becuase of previous conditioning

occurs when a response is streaghtned bcuz it is followed by the removal of aversive unpleseasant stimulus

involves focusing awareness on narrow range of stimuli or events

is an organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object of sequence of events

measure previous learning instead of potential

• proposed that children learn language the same they learn everything else
• though imitaion, reinforcement and shaping

consistes of symbols that convey meaning and rules for combining these symbols that can be used to generate an infinite variety of messages

meaning a limited number ofsymbols that can combined in an infinite variety of ways to generate and endless array of meanings

the reinforcement of closer and closer approxiamation of the desired response

the age at which a baby can survive in the event of a premature birth sometime between 22 and 26 weeks

• trust vs mistrust
• autonomy vs shame and doubt
• initiative vs guild
• industry vs inferiority

• consistensy
• distinctivenss

• the devil
• the primitive instivtive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principles
• i want it now
• eat sleep sex poop peep
• biologial urges
• gets outof control breaks rules

• mediator
• the brain
• the decision making component of personality othat operates according to the reality principle
• 2 yrs secondary process thinking moderage you dont always get wat you want

• Anger
• against id/ morally wrong or right
• the moral component of personality that incorporates social standarts about what represeents right and wron
• guilt + shame when break rules
• pride+ self satisfations when followe

any circumstances that threatenor are perceived to threten ones well being and thereby tax ones coping abilites

is experienced whenever you want somehtin adn u cant have it

occurs when two or more incompartible motificatiosn or behaviour implused compete for expression

a persistend and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger

Recurrent attacks of overwhelmin anxiety that usually occur suddenlyor unexpectly

• formely known as main drepressive disorder
• is marked by the experience of both depressend and maniac periods

a chemical used to control mood swings in patients w. bipolar mood disorders

• gradually elevate mood and help bring ppl ou of depression
• take 1 - 2 weeks to reduce symptoms of depression

• the simultaneous treatment of several clients in group
• 4-15 ppl less expensive group memers fuctions as therapist for each other

• involves applicaion of the principles of learning to direct efforts to change clients maldaptive behaviours
• base on research by bf sknner

reduce tension, apprehension and nervousness including valium, xanax, and ativan.

• a neurological disorder markedby involutary writhing and tic like movement of the mouth tongue and face
• side effect of antipsychotic drugs

are a class of disorders marked by fragmentation of taught processes including delusions, hallucinations speech and deterioration of adaptive behaviour

• is a system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observatins.
• symtoms

an isight threapy that empahsizex recognizing and changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs

and insight therapy that imphasizes provding a supportive emotional climate for clients who play a major role in determining the pace and direction of their therapy.

a research method in which theinvestigator manipulates a variable under carefully controlled condtions and observes whether any changes occur in a second varable as a relationships

• the third stage of prenatal development lasting from two montss trough birth
• the fetus becomes capable of physical movement during this stage

• freuds method for treating mental disorder
• for psychotdynamic+ freud focus on uncoucious mental forces

• involves efforts to vercome imagined or real inferiourites by developing ones abilities
• both argued freud over analys\zed sexual drugs

clients engage in complex verbal interaction with their therapists with the goal being to pursue increased insight regarding their problems and to sort through possible solutions

refers to largely unconscious defensive manuevers intended to hinder the progress of therapy

when clients spontaneously express their thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur with as little cesorship as possible

when clients start relating to the therapist in ways that mimic critcal relationships in their lives

are physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment ofpsychological disorders. they prescribe drugs as well.

who specialize in the diagnisis and reatment of psychological disorders and full fledged mental disorders