cognitive development- preschool

ages 2-4; child gains ability to mentall represent an object not present; drawings are imaginative; thought still flawed, not well organized; egocentrism; animism

inability to distinguish between one's own lifelike qualities and are capable of action

belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action

4-7 years of age; children use primitive reasoning, seek answers to all sorts of questions; centration; conservation

focusing attention on one characteristic to the
exclusion of others

realizes altering an objects substance does not change it quantitatively

1/2 of the statements made by preschool children are instances of egocentric speech; monologue; collective monologue

talk to themselves or others without waiting for
response; self-talk that is egocentric and reflects immaturity

2 children have conversation but neither listens
or responds to what the other says

children use speech for social communication and problem solving; Cognitive skills
mediated by words, language and forms of discourse; private speech; zone of proximal development; scaffolding

overuse rules of grammar (i.e. "I runned")

use of language for self-regulation

range of tasks too difficult to be mastered alone but learned with guidance and assistance of adults or more skilled children

means or guidance used to accomplish tasks

use of appropriate conversation and the knowledge underlying the use of language in context

two reasons for increase in preschool education

best characteristics for prescool education

the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others and to understand that others have beliefs, desires, and intentions than one’s own