Anthro 100 Final

• British Anthropologist
• Primitive Culture

judging others from one’s own cultural perspective

accepting that all cultures are likely to have different perspectives and taken-for-granted ways of behavior

Seeing something from a native's POV

Seeing something from a non-native POV (outsider)

• 1. Partial
• 2. Positioned
• 3. Provisional
• 4. Based on dialogue

A way of making sense of events; arranging them in a sequence, selecting, sorting

both connected by British colonialism

The domination of people in a territory by another group

**Involves ongoing relations between metropole and colony

• 1. Decimation of indigenous peoples by disease and violence
• 2. Transformation of indigenous socioeconomic order
• 3. Subjection of people and denial of local knowledge

6000-7000 known languages spoken today

• 1. Population loss
• 2. Voluntary language shift
• 3. Shift due to coercion

• 1. Vulnerable
• 2. Endangered
• 3. Extinct

Collecting cultural information in order to preserve it in history before it goes extinct

• 1. Championed Cultural Relativism
• 2. Used salvage ethnography with Native Americans

Language influences how we understand and think about the world, and how we dwell with the world;

Studied people of Kaluli, New Guinea and their knowledge and symbolic system formed around birds (certain calls indicated different times of day)

• 1. Loss of indigenous knowledge of all kinds, including oral literature
• 2. Traditional environmental knowledge disappears
• 3. Loss of ways of dwelling in the world

all share roughly the same degree of wealth, power, prestige

some groups have more access and control of wealth, power,prestige.

• Position in a social structure
• Sum or rights and duties associated with the position

Customary performing of the rights and duties associated with a status

clusters of social statuses and groups that share a common focus

Overlapping systems of inequality, shaping each other

Rule by persuasion

• 1. Reciprocity
• 2. Redistribution
• 3. Market

• Group: Trobriand Islanders
• Book(?): Argonauts of the Western Pacific
• Focus: Kula ring-valuable necklaces and shells passed between tradingpartners across the islands

• Book: The Gift
• Focus: We carry obligations to give, receive, and reciprocate

• 1. Generalized: giving without expectation of immediate or specific return.
• 2. Balanced: giving with expectation of return within roughly specified time and exchange roughly equal
• 3. Negative: attempting to gain something for nothing

Moka system in New Guinea: prestige through giving, creates Big Men

How a commodity can be imbued with meanings beyond its use value

eg. breast cancer awareness bracelets

1879-1899

1885-1899

• American Anthropological Association
• 1902

Mathilda Coxe Stevenson

• Zuni/General
• Third gender group in a which a person plays both men's and women's roles

• Student of: Franz Boas
• Book: Coming of Age in Somoa
• Studied: adolescent girls in Samoa, compared to the U.S.

• Place: Vanatinai, New Guinea
• Book: Fruit of the Motherland: Gender in an Egalitarian Society
• Studied: kinship is reckoned through matrilineal bonds and the sister-brother relationship key in Vanatinai

System of social relationships based on birth, marriage, and nurturance

Marks transitions through space and time

Arnold Van Gennep

• 1. Separation from structure
• 2. Threshold
• 3. Reincorporation into structure

• a “betwixt-and-between” state
• between structure and position

Warm fellow feeling

carnivalesque moments in a society whensocial hierarchies and expected everyday behavior are suspended,even turned upside-down.

Genre of wedding songs for brides in Kangra

• 1. Varna
• 2. Jati

a group's understanding of its place in the universe

bilateral (ties traced through both parents)

Idea that governments should protect cultural differences

Belief in superiority of a particular nation

Belief in “the market” as best means of regulating and valuing life

(minimal government intervention in business)

Occurs when nation-state seeks control over minority populations living within territory claimed by the nation-state

• 1. Myth: a sacred narrative that is told as true
• 2. Legend: historical narrative, usually told as true
• 3. Folktale: make-believe, set in a time outside of time

Storytellers, Saints and Scoundrels: Folk Narrative as Hindu Religious Teaching