Information & Technology

A software package that is used with a large set of organized data that presents the computer as an expert on a particular topic

Computer memory which is used to store programs that must be accessed immediately by the CPU

1 example = a printer

examples include a mouse and keyboard

Databases, spreadsheets, word processing

Controls the execution of computer programs and may provide various services

• - Control Unit
• - Arithmetic Unit
• - Logic Unit

Millions of instructions per second

ERP software is a form of applications software that provides relatively complete information systems for a large and medium size organizations

A privately owned network whose services are sold to the public.

- Read Only Memory is memory whose contents can be accessed and read but cannot be changed

- Random Access Memory is the most common computer memory

A set of step by step procedures used to accomplish a task

Decodes instructions written in a higher order language and produces an assembly language program

Graphical User Interface

row and column coordinates

Digital:represent information by numerical (binary) digits

1st: Instructions in terms of 1's and 0's

2nd: Instructions relatively close to human language

• DDL: Used to define (i.e. determine) the database
• DCL: Used to specify privileges and security rules
• DML: Provides programers with a facilty to update the database
• DQL: Used for ad hoc queries

The combining of one or more tables based on matching criteria

All objects in a class inherit the properties of the hierarchy, which means that changes to one object may affect other objects, which increases the importance of user acceptance testing to verify correct functioning of the whole system

• A process of database design (not distribution)
• - sperating the database into logical tables for easier user processing

Snapshot:making a copy of the database for distribution

• Replication:creating and maintaining replica copies at multiple locations
• Fragmentation:separating the database into parts and distributing where they are needed

Optical Character Recognition: convert a paper document into a computer file

used for frequent access to archived documents such as canceled checks in banking applications

• - Batch programs are run periodically and thereby result in delays in processing; accordingly detection of misstatements may be delayed
• - Process sequentially against a master file
• - Key punching is followed by machine processing
• - numerous batches ordinarily results in numerous printouts

• - Used to screen incoming data against established standards of validity, with data that pass all edit checks as "valid" and then processed
• - Will ordinarily create an output file of rejected transactions

A method for storing previous generations of master file data that are continuously updated. The son is the current file, the father is a copy of the frile from the previous cycle, and the grandfather is a copy of the file from the cylce before that one.

A Wide Area Network is used to span a wide geographical space to link together portions of an organization

Set of Rules for exchanging data between 2 systems

• - Magnetic tape reader
• - Point-of-sale recorders
• - Touch sensitive screens

• - Involves individual users performing the developent and execution of computer applications in a decentralized manager
• - Most likely to be executed on a personal computer

Involves networked computers processing transactions for a single (or related) database

Protect data in transmission over communications lines

- Handle data streams from peripheral devices to a central processor

The process of selecting the appropriate data fields from various application databases and passing them to EDI translation software

Involves the actual modification of the data into a standard format that is used by the EDI system.

• Hot:a site that is already configured to meet a user's requirements
• Cold:a facility that provides everything necessary to quickly install computer equipment but doesn't have the computers installed

A control total where the total is meaningless for financial purposes, but has some meaning for process purposes

Establishes an upper and/or lower limit as reasonable, with results outside of those limits indicated.