Staley Final

Costs of production borne not by the enterprise that causes them but society.

A clause in Article I, Section 8 of the constitution that gives congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations.

A regulatory agency run by a small group of commisioners independent of politcal control.

A regulatory agency in the executive branch run by a single admin.

The removal or substantial reduction of the body of regulation covering an industry.

A program that gave federal regulators power to exchange funds for an ownership interest in banks and corps.

Gov't activity that guides the behavior of citizens, groups and corps to reach economic or social goals.

A decree issued by an agency to implement a law passed by congress.

A daily gov't publication containing proposed rules by regulatory agencies and preseidential exec. orders.

A rule with an annual effect on the economy of $100 mill or more.

A reference work that compiles regulations of all agencies in a series of volumes.

Information in nonbinding documents intended to clarify official regulations.

The general rule that federal courts should defer to agency rules that are based on reasonable interpretations of ambiguous statutes.

An entity hq in one country that does business in one or more foreign countries.

The economic policy of lowering tariffs and other barriers to encourage trade and investment.

As defined by United Nations, a parent firm that controls the assets of affiliated entities in foreign countries.

Bus entities in foreign countries controlled by parent trans corps.

The avg of three ratios: foreign ass to total ass; foreign sales to total sales; foreign employment to total employment.

Funds invested by a parent MNC for starting, acquiring or expanding an affiliate in a foreign nation.

The limited, speculative purchase of stocks and bonds in a foreign company by individuals or equity funds.

A gov't entity that invests the savings of a nation.

Voluntary, aspirational statements by MNC that set forth standards for foreign ops.

A 1977 code of conduct that required MNC in South Africa to do bus in nondiscriminatory way.

Statements of philosophy, policy, and principle found in nonbinding international agreements that over time, gain legitamacy as guidelines for interpreting the hard law.

A treaty that requires nations to preserve biological diversity by promoting sustainable econ activity.

A set of 27 principles for sustainable development that emerged from the 1992 earth summit.

The required annual report of a company participating in the global compact.

The act of a corp cloaking its lack of social responsibility.

A 1789 law permitting foreign citizens to litigate, in a fed court, wrongful actions occuring anywhere in the world.

Growth in networks of economic, politcal, social, military, scientific or environ interdependance to span worldwide distances.

A policy of increasing nat'l power by managing the econ to create a trade surplus.

A tax or duty charged by a gov't on goods moved across a border.

A policy of nat'l self sufficiency and econ independence.

A trade negotiation in which multiple nations seek consensus on an agreement that will apply equally to all

A principle enacted in some trade agreements requiring that if one participant extends any benfit to another, that participant must extend the same benefit to all.

Equal treatment for imported and local goods in a domestic market.

A set of econ policies prescribed to correct flaws.

A set of free market policies imposed on developing nations by the IMF and world bank.

The conditions that accompanied world bank and IMF loans.

A trade agreement in which member countries eliminate import duties and other barriers to trade

A bloc of nations that form a free trade agreement.

The flow of goods and services across borders unhindered by gov't restrictions.

The theory that having a cluster of similar producers gives a nation special advantage over others.

Efficiency and the general economic welfare are optimized when each country produces that for which it enjoys a cost advantage.

The use of trade barriers to shield domestic industries from foreign competitors.

total exports is less than the value of its total imports.

A gov't policy to shape the economy by promoting companies or sectors.

Exporting a product at a price below the price it normally sells for in its home market.

Laws that require or influence gov't agencies at all levels

Any impediment to merchandise imports aside from customs duties.

The debasement of integrity

small amounts of money demanded by minor officials

anything of value improperly requested or given

the act of accompanying the request for a bribe with a threat of loss of business

a fed program set up in 1980 to clean p toxic waste

the presence of substances in environment

a stat measure combining in one number years lost to premature mortality

animated interactive realm of plants, animals and microorganisms

productivity of natural ecosystems in creating food and fiber and in regulating climate, water etc

nonpolluting economic growth that raises standards of living

inverted u-shaped curve illustarting GDP

theory that humans are separate from nature because they have the power of reason

belief that history is a narrative of improvement in which humanity moves from lower to higher

econ in which private individs and corps own the means of production to compete in free market under conditions of limited restraint by gov't; nature is valued as an input

ethical philosophy of the greatest good for the greatest number

theory that humans are part of an ethical community that includes not only other human but all elements of natural environment

theory that rejects human domination of nature and holds that humans only have equal rights

bias by humans toward members of their own species

six natural substances in large quantities that cause substandard air quality

gases that evaporate from liquid or solid carbon-based compounds

small particles formed in the atmosphere by photochemicals

number of molecules of a chemical in 1 million

chemical emmisions that pose a health risk

a performance standard used by EPA to control emmsions of hazardous

deposition of acids formed when sulfur and nitrogen compounds undergo chemical reactions

inert, colorless, odorless gas

family of gases containing elements, chlorine, flourine, and carbon used as refrigerants

atmospheric gases that absorb energy radiated from the earth

a treated or untreated wastewater discharge from industrial facility

discrete source of effluent such as min, factory, ship or pipeline

probability existing somewhere btwn 0-100% that harm will occur

scientific process of discovering and weighing dangers

process of deciding which regulatory action to protect the public

process of establishing a link btwn a substance and human disease

an agent capable of initiating cancer

a statistica survey designed to show a relationship btwn death and sickness

quantitative estimate of how toxic a substance is

to infer the value of an unkown state from the value of another state that is known

relationship in which adverse health affects increase or decrease with the amount of exposure to toxic

exposure point greater than zero

study of how much of a substance humans absorb through inhaling

systematic id, quantification of social costs and social benefits

method for assigning a price to ecological goods or services

dollar amount that people exposed to a risk

practice of regulating by setting uniform standards and using penalties to force compliance

practice of harnessing market forces to motivate compliance with goals

substitutes of revenues from taxes on pollution for revenues

emissions are capped and sources must hold tradable permits

mechanism in which an emission allowance for CO2e is a traded commodity

projects that compensate for all or part of a company's green house gas

a carbon offset program set up under the kyoto protocol

an EPA program that requires facilities handling any of 650 hazardous chemicals

regulation w/o legal compulsion or sanctions

a set of methods and procedures for aligning corporate strats, policies, and ops with principles that protect ecosystems

a standard for an envmt mgmt system created by an intl standard setting body

when industrial activity poses a risk to humn or ecosys, prudence calls for restraint

a wave of new challenging ideas based on human reason and scientific inquiry

the idea, arising in the enlightenment, that human beings are ends in themselves

an emphasis on material objects or money that displaces spiritual, aesthetic or philosophical values

a situation arising when an indivi sits on the board of directors of two or more corps

doctrine in the law of torts that covers redress for injuries caused by defective products

a private wrong committed by one personagainst another

unintentional failure to act as a respnsible person exercising ordinary care

relationship giving parties a common interest under the law

contract in which the seller guarantees the nature of product

explicit claim made from manuf to buyer

unwritten warranty

theory that liability exists, even in the absence of negligence

large cohort of workers born btwn 1946 and 1964

number of children a woman must have on avg to assure that one daughter survives

any shift in the proportions of agriculutral, goods producing and service occupations in econ

the sector that includes farming, fishing and forestry

econ sector that includes manufact, mining and construction

sector of occupations that add value to manufact goods

any sequence of actions that adds value to product or service

transfer of work from within a company to outside supplier

transfer of work from a domestic to foreign location

agreement by which employee exchanges his or her labor

freedom of employees to negotiate the employment contract

theory in law that an employment contract can be ended by either the employer or employee

japanese company that operates on a model analogous to a family

a slowly rising wage scale based largely on seniority that allows for small differentials based on ability and provides a comfortable income fit

japanese word for death

form of industry-labor-gov't cooperation in which gov't strongly regulates th labor market to secure expansive rights

german term meaning short work

nonwage costs, including payments for social security, health insurance and payroll taxes

four fundamental standards to protect basic worker rights

the ability to make quick and smooth shifts of workers into and out of jobs

rights to which all humans are entitled

rights bestowed by gov't

belief that each race has distinctive cultural characteristics and that on'es is superior to others

measures enacted in the south from 1877 to 1950 legalizing segregation

inherent power of state gov't to regulate econ and social relationships for the welfare

racially segregated facilities were not inherently unequal

unequal treatment of employees based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin

discrimination caused by policies that apply to everyone but have the effect of disadvantaging a protected group

legal defense a company can use to fight a disparate impact charge

statistical test for disparate impact; failed test when blacks or women are selected at a rate lower than 80 percent

policies that seek out, encourage, and sometimes give preferential treatment to employees in groups protected by title vii

pattern or practice of individual acts or rules in a corporate culture that permits discrimination

sexual activities is asked in order to get a job

programs to recruit from diverse groups

suppoert network formed by employees who personify an attribute associated with discrimnation, stereotyping or social isolation

exercise of authority over members of the corporate community

doc issued by a state gov't to create a corp

legal duty of a rep to manage property in the interest of the owner

rules of corporate governance adopted by corporations

a form stockholders mark giving mgmt the right to vote their shares

a booklet of info sent to stockholders

statute enacted to prevent financial fraud

financing transaction in which one firm lends assets to another firm in exchange for cash in an agreement to purchase back

statute to reform finanicla regulation and prevent a recurrence of 2007-2008 financial crisis

directors who are employees of the company

directors who are not company employees

outside directors of corp who do not have business dealings with that would impair their impartiality

independent director who presides over meetings of non-mgmt directors

chairman of the board who is not an exec of the corp

the right to buy shares of a companys stock at a fixed or grant price

price at which a specified number of shares can be bought

date when stock options can be exercised by purchasing

shares of company stock awarded after a fixed period of years

a grant of stock with restrictions

setting the exercise price of stock options at the price on a date before the date they were granted