The Renaissance

rebirth

Jules Michelet used the term in his "History of France" published in 1855.

Roughly from the 1400s to around 1600, although it developed at different rates throughout Europe.

Italy

Northern Europe

medieval

• 1) Trade- more voyages of discovery and improved transport meant that people came made contact with other cultures, introducing them to different ideas. Trade also created more wealth for more people who spent their money on fashion and art.
• 2)Printing was invented around 1450 and allowed a quick and cheap way to produce books therefore speeding up the spread of ideas.
• 3) The classical ages of ancient Greece and Rome were rediscovered inspiring Renaissance thinkers, artists and writers.
• 4) The fall of Constantinople in 1453 to the Ottoman Empire forced the Greek ruler out of what is today modern day Turkey. Many Greeks fled to Europe bringing their skills and ideas with them.
• 5) Cities developed, particularly around trade centres. These allowed people to mix, exchange ideas and practice arts. Universities began to develop in these places.
• 6) Humanism: a movement that placed an emphasis on understanding the world from a human perspective rather than a religious one.

• 1) Placed less emphasis on following church rules to gain reward in heaven.
• 2) Encouraged people to question established ideas.
• 3)human achievements were celebrated more.

He argued that the earth and other planets revolved around the sun rather than the other way around.

His theory upset the church authorities.

Galileo (1564-1642)

Swear that Copernicus' teachings were falso on threat of death.

Giordano Bruno (1548-1600). he was burnt to death for following Copernicus' theory.

1452

Florence

Painting the Mona Lisa and the roof of the Sistine Chapel in Rome. he also sketched many inventions that have now become a reality e.g helicopter and parachute.

• 1) Self-flushing toilet
• 2) Spectacles (1280)
• 3) Clear window glass (1400)
• 4) Pencil (1500)
• 5) Thermometer (1593)
• 6) Telescope (1608)
• 7) Parachute (1617)

Vasco da Gama

Portuguese

Ferdinand Magellan

He was killed in the Phillippines when he became invloved in a battle with local inhabitatnts.

1564

Writing plays and poetry.

• Macbeth
• Hamlet
• King Lear
• The Merchant of Venice
• Much Ado About Nothing
• Henry V
• Julius Caeser

In Italy its decline started in the early 1500s. The church began to attack the lavish lifestyles of the wealthy and several wars started over Europe.

Italy itself was invaded several times making living as an artist difficult. Many artists, writers and thinkers fled to other countries.

It is generally considered that the Renaissance ended by 1650 to be replaced by a period called the Enlightenment.

Empiricism or the rise of scientific pursuit of knowledge to explain how the world worked weakening the position of beliefs based on tradition and superstition.