-
The __ is a cavity lying behind the mouth, and the __ is a muscular tube leading to the stomach.
-
The __ connects the __ and __ cavities with the __ and __ and is divided into a __ (top portion), __ (middle portion), and __ (bottom portion).
- pharynx
- nasal
- oral
- larynx
- esophagus
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
-
Swallowing reflexes can be divided into three stages.
What is the first?
Food is mixed with saliva and voluntarily forced into the pharynx with the tongue
-
Swallowing reflexes can be divided into three stages. What is the second?
Sensory receptors in the pharynx sense food, which triggers swallowing reflexes
-
Swallowing reflexes can be divided into three stages. What is the third?
In the third stage of swallowing, peristalsis transports the food in the esophagus to the stomach
-
The __ is a straight, __ passageway leading to the stomach.
-
The __ helps to prevent __ of the stomach contents into the esophagus.
- lower esophageal sphincter
- regurgitation
-
The __ is a __ muscular organ that receives and mixes food with digestive juices (__), and propels food to the small intestine.
- stomach
- J-shaped
- chyme (semilfluid paste)
-
__ within the __ of the stomach open as __.
- Gastric glands
- mucosa
- gastric pits
-
Gastric glands generally contain __ types of __.
-
__ produce mucus that protects the stomach lining.
mucous cells
-
__ secrete __ (to digest __) as inactive __, which is activated when?
- chief cells
- pepsin
- protein
- pepsinogen
- it comes in contact with hydrochloric acid
-
__ secrete __.
- parietal cells
- hydrochloric acid
-
The stomach absorbs only small quantities of __ and __, __, and some __.
- water and certain salts
- alcohol
- lipid-soluble drugs
-
Following a meal, mixing actions of the stomach turn the food into __ and pass it toward the __ using __.
The rate at which the stomach empties depends on the __ of the __ and the __.
As __ fills the __, stretching of its wall triggers the __, which inhibits __ and slows the rate at which __ enters the small intestine.
chyme/ pyloric region/ peristaltic waves
fluidity/ chyme/ type of food
chyme/ duodenum/ enterogastric reflex/ peristalsis/ chyme
-
The __ has an __ function of producing __ that aids digestion.
- pancreas
- exocrine
- pancreatic juice
-
The pancreas is closely associated with the __.
The cells that produce __, called __, make up the bulk of the pancreas.
__ cluster around tiny tubes that merge to form larger ones, and then give rise to the __.
The __ and __ join and empty into the __.
small intestine
pancraetic juice/ pancreatic acinar cells
pancreatic acinar cells/ pancreatic duct
pancreatic and bile ducts/ small intestine
-
__ contains __ that digest __, __, __ and __.
- pancreatic juice
- nuclei acids/ fats/ proteins/ carbohydrates
-
Pancreatic enzymes include __(6)__.
- pancreatic amylase
- pancreatic lipase
- trysin
- chymotrypsin
- carboxypeptidase
- two nucleases
-
__ are released in an __ form and are activated upon reaching the __.
- Protein-digesting enzymes
- inactive
- small intestine
-
The __, located in the __ of the __ cavity, is the body's __ internal organ.
- reddish-brown liver
- upper right quadrant
- abdominal
- largest
-
The liver is divided into __ and __ lobes.
Each lobe is separated into __ consisting of __ radiating from a __.
- right/ left
- hepatic lobules/ hepatic cels/ central vein
-
The liver is responsible for many __ activities, such as the __ of __, __, and __.
metabolic/ metabolism/ carbohydrates/ lipids/ proteins
-
The liver also stores __, __, __, __, __, and __.
- glycogen
- vitamins A, D and B12
- iron and blood
-
The liver __ the blood, removing damaged __ and __, and removes __.
- filters
- RBCs
- foreign substances
- toxins
-
The liver's role in digestion is to __.
secrete bile
-
__ is a yellowish- green liquid that __ secrete; it includes __, __, __, __ and __.
- bile
- hepatic cells
- water
- bile salts
- bile pigments
- cholesterol
- electrolytes
-
__ are breakdown products from __.
-
Only the __ have a digestive function.
bile salts
-
The __ is a pear-shaped sac lying on the interior surface of the __.
It is connected to the __, which joins the __; these two ducts merge to form the __ leading to the __.
A __ controls the release of __ from the ___.
gallbladder/ liver
cystic duct/ hepatic duct/ common bile duct/ duodenum
sphincter muscle/ bile/ common bile duct
-
__ emulsify __ and aid in the __ of __, __ and certain __.
- bile salts
- fats
- absorption
- fatty acids
- cholesterol
- vitamins
|
|
