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Systolic Pressure
The pressure exerted on blood vessel walls when your heart beats (120/80) the 120 is the systolic pressure.
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Diastolic Pressure
The pressure exerted on blood vessels when your heart is at rest. (Measured between beats). 120/80, the 80 part is diastolic.
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Adaptation
Changes in gene frequencies resulting from selective pressure being placed upon a population by environmental factors.
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Stress
Any factor disrupting homeostasis
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BMR
Basal Metabolic Rate. Amoutn of energy required to maintain vegetative functions while awake. Test 12 hours after food consumption.
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RMR
Resting Metabolic Rate. Test after 3-4 hours of food consumption.
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Acclimatization
Biological changes that reduce the strain cause by stressful changes in the natural climate or by complex environmental factors.
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Permanent Acclimatization
Effects remain after environmental factors are removed (barrel-chested highlanders)
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Temporary Acclimatization
Occurs rapidly and effects disappear once environmental stressors are removed.
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Lewis' Hunting Response
A typical response to the hand being placed in cold water.
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Polygenic Traits
Multiple genes controlling a trait.
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Continuous Traits
Do not have a set number of phenotypic expressions.
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Stature
The distance between the top of the head and the floor.
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Anthropometry
Measurement of human being
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Sometometry
Measurement of the living body
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Osteometry
Measurement of the human skeleton
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Brachyskelia
Short skeletal index, up to 50.9
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Mesoskelia
Middle skeletal index, 51 to 52.9
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Macroskelia
Long skeletal index, 53 and over
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Dolicocrany
Narrow or long-headed cranium, up to 74.9
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Mesocrany
Average cranium, 75 to 79.9
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Brachycrany
Round headed cranium, 80 to 84.9
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Hyperbrachycrany
Even more rounded than brachycrany, 85 and up
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Leptorrhiny
Narrow nose shape, up to 47.99
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Mesorrhiny
Average nose shape, 48 to 52.99
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Platyrrhiny
Broad nose shape, over 53
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How do you calculate: Cranial Index
- (Head breadth)
- ----------------- x100 =
- (Head length)
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How do you calculate: Nasal Index
- (Nasal Breadth)
- ---------------- x100 =
- (Nasal length)
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How do you calculate: Skeletal Index
- (Sitting height)
- ---------------- x100 =
- (Standing height)
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How do you calculate: Lee-Pearson Index
.0004 (cephalic length - 11) x (cephalic breadth - 11) x (ear-head height - 11) + 206.60 = Female
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How do you calculate RMR in males & females?
- (10 x weight [kg]) + (6.25 x height [cm]) - (5 x age) - 161
- ^
- all of that but + 5 instead of -161 for MALES.
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How many calories are in one gram of protein?
Protein contains 4 calories per gram
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How many calories are in one gram of carbohydrate?
Carbohydrates contain 4 calories per gram
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How many calories are in one gram of fat?
Fat contains 9 calories per gram
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