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Tissues
Group of simular cells that act together to perform a specific function.
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4 major types of Tissues
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
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Organs:
Group of two or more tissues that act together to perform a specific common function and have a consistently recognizable shape
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Embryonic Tissues (Layers)
- Ectoderm: The outermost layer (epidermis, nails, hair, nerves
- Mesoderm: middle portion, muscle,tendon, bone and blood
- Endoderm: Inner portion ,organ tissue, glandular tissues
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Epithelial Tissue (Aka epithelium)
Covers body surfaces and forms the major portions of most glands. Covers body surfaces and forms the major portions of most glands. Cell division (mitosis) replaces damaged cells with daughter cells. Cells are avascular (without blood supply) and receive nutrition via diffusion from surrounding connective tissue)
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Simple Epithelium
a single layer of cells
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Stratified Epithelium
multiple layers of cells
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Pseudostratified Epithelium
a single layer of cells of different size, giving the appearance of being stratified
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Epithelial Tissues bassed on shape
- Squamous cells: fried egg like appearance, flat, scaly.
- Cuboidal cells: Cubed shaped
- Columnar cells: tall cell, rectangular
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Squamous cells
- fried egg like appearance, flat, scaly.
- Functions:
diffusion - Location: bold and lumpy vessels, serious membranes
- fried egg like appearance, flat, scaly.
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Cuboidal cells
Location: sweat glands, digestive system
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Columnar cells
- Functions: protection, secretion, and absorption
- Location: glands, stomach, stomach, intestines
- tall cell, rectangular. Some may have have cilia (hair like projections) while others may have microvilla (projections in the cell wall)
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Avascular
Without blood supply
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Connective Tissue
Lends support to the body and binds body parts together. It is highly vascularized. Varies in appearance, but all types of connective tissue cells share 3 basic components
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What is the most abumdant type of tissue in the body
Connective Tissue
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Liquid Tissue
- includes blood, lymph and interstitial fluid (between cells)
- Yellow marrow: yellow adipose tissue, stores fat
- Red marrow: Hematopoietic tissue produces red and white blood cells
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What produces red and white blood cells
Red Marrow
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Hardest type of connective tissue. Highly vascularized. Compact tissue, spongy (cancellous) tissue. Collagenous fibers, and mineral salts.
Bone Tissue
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Is a tough but flexible type of connective tissue and is avascular
Cartilage
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Two types of Cartilage are
Elastic Cartilage: Contains elastins fibers and is best suited for bending. Found in the epiglottis, the external ear, and gives shapes to the nose
Fibro cartilage: Is The strongest cartilage. It resists compression, and prevents bone to bone contact. Found in the intervertebral disk knee and jaw pads and the public symphasis
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Areola, Adipose and Reticulated is what type of connective tissue?
Loose Connective Tissue
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What connective tissue absorbs physical shock to the body, and separates the skin from deeper structures
Areola connective tissue
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What connective tissue provides protection, insulation, and is a form of stored energy. (Fat)
Adipose connective tissue
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What tissue forms the framework for the lymphatic tissue (lymph nodes and spleen), bone marrow, and liver
Reticulated Connective Tissue
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Protein fibers that run in one or two directions. Ex. Tendons, ligaments, retinacla, aponevrosis
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
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Protein fibers are the meshwork of randomly arranged fibers, giving it strength in many directions. Ex. Deep facial, deep epidermis, periosteum
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
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Proteins that provide support for the connective tissues
Protein Fibers
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Most common protein in the body. Tough but flexible. Can't stretch it.
Collagen
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What are the three Protein Fibers
- Collagen Fibers
- Reticulated Fibers
- Elastins Fibers
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Elastin fibers. Strong and stretchable
Elastins Fibers
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What type of protein fiber is thin and forms a "net like" reticulated pattern
Reticulated Fibers
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What determins the character of the matrix wdetermines the type of connective tissue
- Connective Tissue cells
- Protein Fibers
- Ground Substance
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It fills space between connective tissue and fibers. Consistency of maple syrup. shapeless fluid (gel background) against which protein fibers are seen through a microscope.
Ground substance
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contracts & elongates to perform specific movements. These movements generate heat that warms the body. It is elastic and highly vascularized. Has unique ability to shorten (contract) or elongate (stretch) to produce movement)
Muscle Tissue
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The three types of muscle tissue are?
- Skeletal Muscle
- Cardiac Muscle
- Smooth Muscle
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Controlled muscle tissue is called?
Voluntary
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not consciously controlled muscle tissue is called
Involuntary
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What muscle attaches to skelatal bone via tendons to produce movement
Skeletal Muscle
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What muscle provides pumping to the heart
Cardiac Muscle
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What muscle have a variety of functions. Found in the digestive circulatory, urinary reproductive and respiratory system.
Smooth Muscle
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The two types of membrains are?
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The four membranes are
- Cutaneous Membrane (Dry) : skin
- Serous Membranes (Moist)
- Mucous Membranes
- Synovial Membranes
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What are the stages of tissue repair?
- Inflammation
- Resolution
- Regeneration
- Fibrosis/replacement
- Remodeling
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All tissue healing starts with
Inflammation
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Inflammation steps for tissue repaire are
- Heat
- Redness
- Swelling
- Pain
- Loss of function
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What is Homeostasis
Stable condition of the body's internal environment
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