Sediments derived primarily from the products of weathering on the continents are called
terrigenous sediment
In the food chain, each feeding stage is called a....
trophic
The movement of water within the surf zone that parallels the shore is termed
long shore current
Which of these factors influence the magnitude of the Coriolis force?
both wind speeds and latitude
On a weather map, _______ fronts are shown by a line with triangular pointson one side...
cold
The Koppen Climate classificaton recognizes ________ principal climate group
five
The apparent westward drift of the planest compared to the background stars is called...
retrograde motion
Earth is closest to the Sun in January
True
Which of the following has the most inclined angle?
Pluto
A ______________ is a well tested and widely accepted view that best explains certain scientific observations
Theory
A __________ is a limited statement regarding cause and effect in specific situations
Hypothesis
Common mistakes in applying the scientific method include....
All of the above
All of the following are possible steps of scientific invetigastion except for.....
assumption of conclusions without prior experimentation/observation
If the scientific method are carefully followed during an experimental investigation, then which statement would be true?
Others should be able to reproduce the results
In the scientific method of investigation, when I observe, I...
Use one or more of the 5 senses to gather information
Global warming is caused by
The heat produced by burning fossil fuels
Which of the following demonstrate that science and technology contribute to our daily lives?
All of the above
Which of the following are major issues and problems facing modern science?
All of the above
Which of these environmental problems would a geoscientist be most likely to address?
The effect of oil and gas production on atmosphereic pollution
Modern science cannot contribute to which of the following issues?
Proving religion is unnecessary
Which one of the following is not a part of the continental margin?
Continental trench
It is thought that submarine canyons on the continental slope have been generated by....
turbidity currents
Which of the following is not true of deep ocen trenches?
They are geologically very stable
Seamounts....
are volcanoes that form on the ocean floor
Submarine canyons found on the continental slope are believed to have been created by....
None of these
Which of the following would be most likely be covered with thick turbidite layers?
Deep-sea fan at the base of a continental slope
Which one of the following would you NOT associate with tubidity currents?
Formation of seamounts
Which is associated with ocean ridges?
All of the above
Minerals that crystallize directly from seawater are examples of...........
Hydrogenous sediment
Gently sloping submerged surface estending from the shoreline is termed....
Continental shelf
The oceans cover approximately _______% of the earth's surface?
70
The _______ Ocean is largest
Pacific
Which ocean has the greatest average depth?
Pacific
Concerning the distribution of land and water, which of the following is true?
The Southern Hemisphere has much moer water surface than the Northern Hemisphere
The west cost of South America and the east coast of N. American have very different continental margins...
True
Continental rise lies at the bottom of the continental slope...
True
Sand, salt and clays deposited on the ocean floor are described as terrigenous sediments
Ture
The continental shelf lies at the bottom of the continental slope
False
The proportoion of dissolved substances in seawater is expressed as 0/00 which is the same as
parts per thousand
The most abundant salt in seawater is
NaCl
A rapid change in temperature with depth in the ocean is called the.....
Pycnocline
Most marine animals live near the surface of the ocean because of _____________.
Sunlight
Organisms such as algae and bacteria that drift with ocean currents are known as....
Plankton
The mass of all living organisms on Earth is called the
biomass
Algae are called
phytoplankton
Animals capable of moving independently of ocean currents are called
nekton
_______ organisms live in or on the oceam bottom?
Benthos
the upper part of the ocean into which sunlight penetrates is called the _______ zone
photic
The area where the land and ocean meet and overlap is called the ___________
intertidal zone
The amount of carbon fixed by organisms throught the synthesis of organic matter is called.....
Primary productivity
Productivity in temperate oceans is determined by
all of these
In the food chain, each feeding stage is called a _______ level
Trophic
Waves begin to "feel bottom" when the depth of water is.....
equal to one-half wavelength
When waves reach shallow water, they are ofte bent and tend to become parallel to the shore. This process is called....
refraction
The movement of water within the surf zone that parallels the shore is termed....
longshore current
Whcih one of the following is a landform created by wave erosion?
Sea arch
Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay are....
All of the above
A sandbar that completely crosses a bay, sealing it off from the open ocean is a....
none of these
A ridge of sand projecting into a bay and often having a hooked end is a....
spit
An isolated remnant of wave erosion is a....
sea stack
A sand ridge connecting an island to the mainland or to another island is a....
tombolo
Because of the Coriolos effect, surface ocean currents are deflected to the ______________ of their path of motion in the N. Hemisphere
Right
Because of the Coriolos effect, surface ocean currents are deflected to the ______________ of their path of motion in the S. Hemisphere
Left
The daily tidal range is the greatest during _______ tide
Spring
The energy that drives surface ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream comes from
prevailing winds
Which one of the following structures is built to protect boats from large breaking waves?
Breakwater
The daily tidal range is least during ________ tide
neap
One of the discoveries which led to the modern view of the solar system was that the orbits of the planets are
ellipses
Galileo observed serveral features using the telescope but which did he not discover?
The two moons of mars
The first modern astronomer to propse a sun centered universe was
Copernicus
This scientist was the first to use the telescope is astronomy
Galileo
Three lawes of plentary motion were discovered by
Keplar
In the greek model of the universe
earth was in the cernter of the universe
The true shape of the planetary orbits was discovered by
Keplar
This astronomer spent 20 years plotting the position of the planet Mars
Brahe
The astronomer is credited with "opening the door" to the era of modern astronomy
Copernicus
Which of these men formulated the Law of Universal Gravitation?
Sir Isaac Newton
Earth centered systems of the universe that was accepted for nearly 17 centuries was presented the Almagest which was written by...
Ptolemy
The first successful attempt to establish the size of Earth is credited to
Eratosthenes
A very slow motion of Earth's axis that requires 26,000 years to complete is called
precession
Apprent path of the Sun upon the celestial sphere is called the
ecliptic
Period of time required for the moon to complete a cycle of phases is called the
synodic
The period of time required for the Moon to complete a revolution is called the ___________ month
Sidreal
The ancient Greeks proposed an Earth-centered view of the universe
True
The planets maintain circular orbits around the Sun
False
Earth is closest to the Sun in Jaunary
True
Galileo believed in a sun-centered view of the universe
False
The planets maintain elliptical orbits around the Sun
True
Sir Isaac Newton was convicted of heresy
False
The same side of the moon is always visible from Earth
True
The cycle of phases of the Moon is the basis for our month
True
Which of the following statements concerning ring satellites of the planet is true?
Consist of concentrations of particles generally smaller than 10 meters in diameter
Which pair of solar system bodies come closest to approximating a "double planet"?
Pluto & Charon
The __________ explains how our solar system probaly formed from a giant cloud of gases and dispersed solid particles
Nebular hypothesis
The loose surface material on the Moon is similar to that on Mars is composition and weathering
False
Compared to Earth's atmosphere Mars has a surface pressure that is
0.1 times those on Earth; major gases are water vapor
Which one of the following statements is believed to be true of comets?
They have highly elliptical orbits around the Sun
___________ refers to the bright head of a comet
Coma
___________ has the great, dark spot on its surface
Neptune
Which one of the following is not found on Mars?
H20 rich atmosphere
How did the lunar maria originate?
Huge impact basins that were nearly filled with basaltic lava flows
The surface features of ________ are known only through satellite radar mapping
Venus
___________ a moon orbiting Jupiter
Europa
____________ has a hot, turbulent atmosphere
Venus
Which one of the following lunar features is the youngest?
Brightly rayed craters
Largest known volcano in the solar system is
Mons Olympus on Mars
________ are small extraterestrial particales that glow brightly
Meteroids
The belt of the asteroids is located between
Jupiter and Mars
Which of these lunar deatures is the oldest?
Lunar highlands
The high surface temperatures of this planet greenhouse effect
Venus
The smallest true planet in the solar system is
Mercury
The dark tail of a comet is called a coma
False
The very large, lava covered areas of the Moon are called Maria
True
The 4 largest moons of Jupiter are known as the Galilean moons
True
The atmosphere of Mars is less dense than earth's
True
Large impact craters and large features have been imaged on the surface of Venus
True
Which of the following is not considered a form of electromagnetic radiation?
Gravite
Which of the following colors has the longest wavelength?
Red
The spectra of most stars are of this type
Dark line (absorbtion) spectrum
As the temperature of a radiating surface is increased
Both A & C
To determine whether a celestial body is approaching or receding from Earth
the Doppler principle
Lenses act like a prism to seperate the colors of the spectrum
chromatic aberration
The problems encountered with lenses caused this scientists to build reflecting telescopes
Sir Isaac Newton
Which of the following is NOT an advantage that radio telescopes have over optical telescopes?
They have better resolution
Nearly all large optical telescopes built today are
reflectors
The layer of the Sun that rediates most of the light that reaches Earth is called the
Photosphere
The source of the Sun's energy is
Nuclear fusion
The sun produces energy by converting
Hydrogen nuclei to helium nuclei
The layer of the solar atmosphere directly above the photosphere is referred to as the
chromosphere
The most explosive events to occur on the Sun are
Solar flares
Blue stars are cooler than red stars
False
When a source is moving away, its light appears redder then it actually is
True
Telescopes with larger objectives can see farther into space than those with smaller
True
Sunspots appear dark because they are cooler than the surrounding solar surface
True
Radiotelescops are generally much larger in size than are optical telescopes
True
Radiotelescopes are able to detect very short wave radiation emitted by celestial objects
False
The mechanism that produces energy on the Sun involved the conversion of matter to energy
True
Astronomers currently estimate the internal temperature of the sun at 1500 C
False
The Sun's energy results from the conversion of hydrogen nuclei into helium nuclie
True
The sun is considered an "average star"
True
Radio telescopes have an advantage over optical telescopes in that they can be used turing daylight hours
True
One of the most common units used to express stellar distance
Light year
The distance to stars can be determined from
stellar parallax
Which one of the objects listed below has the largest size?
Galaxies
Our galaxy is called the
Milky Way Galaxy
Which color stars have the highest surface temp?
Blue
Which color has the coolest surface temp?
Red
Which main sequence stars are the most massive?
Blue
Possibly the most caraclusmic event to occur in nature is
supernova
The most dense stars known to exist are
Black holes
These stars are produced during a supernova event
Black hole
The Sun belongs to this class of stars
Main-sequence star
The point in stellar evolution when a star had used up all its fuel and its radiating away its remaining thermal energy
white dwarf
This property of a star can be termined from its color
Surface temperature
Based on observed red shifts astronomers conclude that
The universe is expanding
When a main-sequence star has exhausted its next becomes a
red giant
Stars with a surface temp of 3000 K appear red in color
True
The larger the magnitude number the brighter it will be
True
Cool stars evolve much more quickly than do hot stars
False
The final stage in the evolution of a star like out Sun is a neutron star
False
More than 50% of the stars in the universe occur in pairs or multiples
True
The red shift refers to the tendency of stars to cool and become red in color
False
The hottest main sequence stars are also the most massive
True
Most galaxies in the universe are moving away from us
True
The least massive main-sequence stars are blue in color
False
Air may best be described as __________.
mixture
Which one of the following is the most
abundant gas in the atmosphere?
Nitrogen
On the AVERAGE, for every 1000 feet increase in
altitude in the troposphere, the air temperature _____.
drops 5.5 degree F
The tropopause is the boundary between
__________.
the troposphere and stratosphere
The triatomic form of oxygen (O3)
is known as __________.
Ozone
Ozone is concentrated in the __________
Stratosphere
The lowest layer of the atmosphere is the
___________.
troposphere
Practically all clouds and storms occur in
this layer of the atmosphere.
Troposphere
The wavelengths of radiation emitted by
Earth are __________.
longer than those emitted by the Sun
The longest wavelengths on the
electromagnetic spectrum are __________.
Radio
The storage of heat in the lower layer of
the atmosphere produced by certain heat absorbing gases is called the _________.
greenhouse effect
At noon on February 21, the Sun is overhead
__________.
at some point between the Tropic of Capricorn and the equator, heading northward
The spring equinox in the Northern
Hemisphere occurs on __________.
March 21
The 90˚ angle solar rays are striking the
Tropic of Capricorn on __________.
December 21
The summer solstice in the Northern
Hemisphere occurs on this date.
June 21
Which are mechanisms of heat transfer?
All of these
If the maximum temperature for a particular
day is 26˚C and the minimum temperature is 14˚C, the daily mean would be
__________.
20 C
The annual temperature range at most
latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere is much smaller than that in the Northern Hemisphere. The reason for this is that __________.
there is a greater percentage of water surface in the Southern Hemisphere
The cloud form that is best described as sheets or layers that cover much or all of the sky is termed ____________.
stratus
The cloud form that consists of globular cloud masses that take on a billowy or "cauliflower-like" structure is called
__________.
nimbo
A dark gray cloud that blankets the sky and often generates
precipitation is called __________.
nimbostratus
This cloud may develop an "anvil head."
cumulonimbus
Tornadoes can be associated with this cloud type.
cumulonimbus
Hail is most commonly associated with __________.
cumulonimbus
We are likely to have our highest relative humidity __________.
about sunrise
When using a psychrometer and the two temperatures read nearly the same, you can conclude that __________
the air has a high relative humidity
The dew point is the temperature at which __________.
water vapor condenses to a liquid
The most important process of cloud formation in the atmosphere is __________.
cooling by expansion of air
The change of state from a gas to a liquid is called __________.
condensation
The term __________ is used to describe the conversion of a solid directly to a gas, without passing through the liquid state.
sublimination
The process by which water vapor changes directly to a solid is called __________.
deposition
This process results in the release of about 600 calories of latent heat per gram of water.
condensation
Standard sea level pressure in millibars is
1013 mb
Standard sea level pressure in inches of mercury is __________.
29.92 inches
The mercurial barometer was invented by __________.
Torricelli
The force that generates wind is __________.
pressure gradient force
Lines on a weather map connecting places of equal air pressure are called __________.
isobars
Closely spaced isobars often indicate __________.
high winds
In the Northern Hemisphere, the winds
associated with a low pressure system (cyclone) blow __________.
counterclockwise and toward the center
High air pressure systems are usually associated with
all of these
Which of the following should have the steepest pressure gradient?
tornado
Tornadoes most often move TOWARDS what direction?
northeast
Typhoon is another name for a __________.
hurricane
When an active cold front overtakes a warm front __________.
occluded front forms
A wind shift from south or southwest to northwest is commonly associated with the passage of a _______ front.
