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State the key contribution(s) made by the following individuals to the understanding and use of fingerprints in the forensic sciences: Hershel, Galton, Henry, and Vucetich.
- Hershel
- - followed his own fingerprints for 50 years; stay the same
- Galton
- - wrote book Finger Prints
- - convinced British police to use fingerprints
- Henry
- - developed classification system used in the UK
- Vucetich
- - published book on fingerprints
- - devised classification system
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Explain the roles played by each of the following in the formation of a latent fingerprit: ridges, valleys, and sweat glands.
- Ridges
- - show shape, minutiae, creases, scars, and sweat glands
- Valleys
- - show shape
- Sweat glands
- - produce and release oils
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Explain how the individual minutiae contribute to the overall uniqueness of a fingerprint pattern.
No one has the same 150 minutiae in the exact same spots; fingerprints are unique
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Be able to recognize several key types of minutiae.
- Island ridge
- Dot
- Bifurcation
- Spur
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Know how to recognize and distinguish between the major fingerprint classes.
- Loop
- - one delta
- - ulnar and radial
- Whorls
- - at least two deltas
- - plain, twinned, central pocket and accidental
- Arches
- - no deltas
- - plain and tented
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Provide the full name for IAFIS.
Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System
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Distinguish between the three major categories of crime scene prints.
- Visible
- - patent
- Plastic
- - 3D
- Latent
- - not visible
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Provide at least two chemical and physical methods for enhancement of latent prints.
- Chemical
- - iodine fuming
- - ninhydrin
- - superglue
- - physical developer
- Physical
- - magnetic powder
- - black powder
- - SPR
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What is RUVIS and what advantages does it have over chemical and physical processes?
RUVIS is an illumination method; it's non-destructive and uses UV reflectance
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Know which fingerprint residues were targeted by each of the enhancement methods.
- Magnetic Powder - humid, sticky or greasy residues
- Black Powder - humid, sticky or greasy residues
- Iodine Fuming - Fatty acids and lipid residues
- Ninhydrin - Amino acids, peptides and proteins
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What is ACE-V and explain the steps.
- Analysis
- - gather
- Compare
- - levels of comparison
- Evaluate
- - identification, exclusion, or inconclusive
- Verify
- - colleague
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What are the different levels of comparison?
- Level I
- - basic shape (arch, whorl, loop)
- Level II
- - minutiae (bifurcation, spur, dot, island)
- Level III
- - pore numbers/size/location; scars; creases
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