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BIo Sat2 ch.11
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Absorbitive feeders
These organisms secrete hyrdolytic enzymes to digest food outside there body.
fungi are and example of absorbitive feeders.
Asexual spores
A spore drops of somewhere and it can grow on its own.
Sexual spores
These spores combine from each organism, and they sprout up into new fungi.
Vegatative growth
A portion of the fungus breaks off and it forms a new fungus.
Budding
A new fungus grows off the side of the old one.
peptidoglycan
The cell walls of bacteria are made of this protein sugar.
Binary fission
The bacteria replicates its single chromosome and then splits in half somewhat evenly.
Resistant
In the example of a bacteria, it is not killable by an antibiotic it is resistant to.
Ex. amp
r
Sensitive
Can be killed by something.
Ex. tet
s
Transformation (bacteria)
Bacteria pick up DNA from its outside environment.
Conjugation (bacteria)
A bacteria replicates and also donates some of its DNA through a pilus.
Transduction (bacteria)
A virus carries DNA from one bacterium to another.
Obligate aerobes
They can function only when there is oxygen.
Obligate anaerobes
They can function only when there insin't oxygen.
Facultative anaerobes
They can survive weather there is oxygen available or not.
Auxotroph
Requires auxillary nutrition.
Labeled by the amino acid they cannot produce.
Ie. arg
-
cannot synthesize arginine, it needs it in the environment.
Wild type
A bacterium that isn't an auxotroph.
Nodules
The area in plants where nitrifying bacteria live.
Legumes
The plants that have a relationhip with nitrifying bacteria
Capsid
The protein coat on Viruses.
Genome(microorganisms)
The nucleic acid in viruses.
Attachment (virus)
The virus attaches itself to the host cell.
In this situation the virus is a parasite.
Infection
The virus injects its genome into the host cell.
Occurs after attachment.
Lytic cycle.
After attachment and infection the virus here:
Imediatly tanscribes and tanslates its genome via the host.
Then the genome rapidly multiplies.
The the host cell is lysed and the new viruses are released.
Lysogenic cycle
After attachment and infection:
The viral genome is integrated with the host genome.
The viral genome is replicated with the host genome.
The virus is released after a given period of time.
Imediatly tanscribes and tanslates its genome via the host.
Then the genome rapidly multiplies.
The the host cell is lysed and the new viruses are released.
Envelope (virus)
After the viruses break out of the host cell, they are coated ina plasma membrane.
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
RNA is read by the virus, then RNA is created.
RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
RNA is read then DNA is created.
Also known as reverse transcriptase.
reverse transcriptase
RNA is read then DNA is created.
Also known as RNA-dependent DNA polymerase.
Restriction enzymes
These enzymes recognize a particular DNA sequence and cut it.
Eco
RI
The restriction enzyme found in E. Coli.
Staggered cut
The DNA is cut and it produces sticky ends.
Sticky ends
Can combine back with the DNA
Blunt cut
The DNA is cut straight acorss both strands.
Plasmid
A circular piece of DNA found in bacteria and sometimes yeast.
Restriction map
A map of the location of restriction sites withing the DNA segment.
Vector
A way that DNA is moved between species.
A virus is an example of a vector.
Author
Krudge
ID
152665
Card Set
BIo Sat2 ch.11
Description
microorganisms
Updated
2012-05-08T01:23:13Z
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