FSH increase stimulation in the follicles --> Follicle cells secrete more estrogen
Ovarian Follicle
Middle has Oocyte
Antrum - surrounds oocyte (fluid)
Follicular Cell (Corona Radiata) - all around oocyte
Zona Pellicuda - Pale area between an oocyte and follicular cells, is where there is elasticity with protein to protect the oocyte. Protective layer around oocyte.
Ovarian cycle: Post-Ovulation
Corpus Luteum - will project progesterone (yellow)
Progesterone - steroid
Summary of Ovarian Cycle
Follicular Phase
Ovulation (Day 14)
Luteal Phase
Uterine Cycle
Days 1-5: Menstruation
Days 6-14: Proliferate Phase (estrogen)
Days 15-28: Secretory Phase (progesterone)
Hormone Regulation of Female
1. Hypothalamus secretes GnRH
2. GnRH makes anterior pituitary secrete FSH and LH
-LH --> relates to Corpus Luteum
3. In ovary, FSH and LH promote follicle growth and oocyte maturation; estrogen production by follicle cells make endomentrium thicken
4. rising estrogen level stimulates LH surge
5. Midcycle LH surge triggers ovulation then corpus luteum formation
6. Progesterone and estrogen secreted by corpus luteum will maintain endomentrium if pregnancy occurs --> gives negative feedback to LH and FSH which prevent further follicle development and prevents having periods
7. Blood levels rise of both progesterone and estrogen inhibit both FSH and LH secretion
Menopause
Between ages 45-55
Perimenopause
2-5 year range before menopause
Periods become heavier
Happens long before irregular periods (1 year or so)
Zygote Formation
Sperm + Egg = Zygote
Fertilization
Secondary Oocyte
2 polar bodies
Male and female pronuclei
Fertilized Oocyte
2 cell embryo
Zona pellucida still present
Some corona radiate attached
Oocyte goes through peristalsis and cilia (takes 3 days to get through)