cold and allergy

• Codeine
• hydrocodone

high abuse and addictive potential

• suppress cough reflex by direct action on cough center in medulla in the brain
• Analgesic and drying effect on mucosa of respiratory effect

Nonproductive cough

Harmful cough

• drug allergy
• Alcohol use
• Hypercapnea
• Respiratory depression

• Increased intracranial pressure
• Impaired renal function
• Liver disease
• BPH
• Addison’s
• COPD

• Sedation
• Nausea/vomiting
• Lightheadedness
• Constipation

• Opiods
• General anesthetics
• Tranquilizers
• Sedatives/hypnotics
• Trcyclic antidepressants
• Alcohol
• Other CNS depressants

• suppresses cough reflex by numbing stretch receptor cells in respiratory tract which prevents reflex stimulation of medullary cough center
• Non opiod

Harmful, nonproductive cough

• Dizziness
• Headache
• Sedation
• Nausea
• Constipation
• Pruritus
• Nasal congestion

• non opiod
• suppress cough reflex through direct action on cough center in medulla, but has no analgesic or CNS depressant

nonproductive, harmful cough

• Hyperthroidism
• Advanced cardiac and vessel disease
• Hypertension
• Glaucoma
• Used of MAOI’s within last 14 days

• Dizzy
• Drowzy
• Nausea

• expectorant
• stimulates respiratory tract secretions by decreasing adhesiveness and viscosity of phlegm

• Common cold
• Bronchitis
• Laryngitis
• Pharyngitis
• Pertussis
• Influenza
• measles

GI, very minimal

• block histamine receptors on mast and basophil cell surfaces, preventing release of histamine from these cells
• ÷Competes for only unoccupied receptors,so GIVE EARLY!!!

Nasal allergies, hayfever, allergic reactions, symptoms of common cold, motion sickness, Parkingson’s disease, vertigo, and occasional sleep aid

• Allergy to drug
• Narrow angle glaucoma
• Cardiac disease
• Kidney disease
• Hypertension
• Bronchial asthma
• COPD
• Peptic ulcer disease
• Seizures
• BPH
• Pregnancy

• Liver impairment
• Renal insufficiency
• Lactating mothers

• Drowsiness
• Anti cholinergic effects
• Dizziness
• Restless
• Headache
• Some cardiovascular effects

• Anticholinergics : increase these effects
• Apple Juice
• Orange Juice
• Grapefruit Juice
• St. John’s Wart

• Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
• Brompheniramine
• Chlorpheniramine
• Gimenhydrinate
• Meclizine
• promethazine

• Effect histamine receptors peripherally and centrally
• Monitor vital signs
• Best taken with meals
• Anticholinergic effects = more effective
• Used alone or in combination to treat many disorders
• Available OTC and prescription
• Consult MD when before use with other OTC medications
• Less expensive

• traditional antihistamine
• Often used as hypnotic for sedating effects
• Can increase increase fall risk in children and elderly
• Most commonly used
• Pregnancy Category B
• Many different forms available, including combinations with other drugs

• Prevention of allergies
• Motion sickness
• Parkinson’s disease
• Promotion of sleep
• Treatment of severe, acute allergic reaction
• Treatment of acute dystonic reaction

• Know allergy
• Nursing mothers
• Neonates
• People with lower respiratory tract symptoms or pneumonia
• Acute asthma attack
• use of alcohol, MOAI's, or CNS depressants

• Loratadine (Claritin)
• Cetirizine
• Fexorfenadine (allergra)

• Do not cross blood brain barrier: only work peripherally
• Minimal adverse effects when taken correctly
• Longer duration of action – once a day dosing
• Should not be used in children younger than 6 years old
• Reduced doses foe elderly or decreased renal function

• Available OTC
• Pregnancy B
• Drug allergy only contraincations
• Not recommended for children under 2

• Hayfever
• Chronic urticaria

• naphazoline (Privine),
• Oxymetazoline
• tetrahyrdozoline
• xylometazoline

constrict blood vessels, especially nasal sinuses, which shrinks engorged mucous membranes and relieves stuffiness

• Narrow angle glaucoma
• Cardiovasular disease
• Hypertension
• Diabetes
• Hypertyroidsim
• Prostatitis
• Patient unable to close their eyes
• Hx of CVA or TIA
• Cerebral arteriolsclerosis
• Long standing asthma
• BPH

• MAOI
• Methyldopa
• Urinary acidifiers
• Alkalinizers

• Generally well tolerated
• Nervousness
• Palpitations
• tremor

• Acute or chronic rhinitis
• Common cold
• Sinusitis
• Hayfever or other allergies
• Preoperatively for better visualization

• adrenergics
• anticholinergics
• corticosteriods

• increase fluids (3L)
• use humidifier
• avoid dry air, smoke filled enviroments, and allergens
• medications with food