APUSH

mercantilism

Mercantilism

Mercantilism

Mercantilism

trading centers

The Dutch

to profit economically

merchants and planters

indentured servants

poor people to seek a new life in America

west of the Appalachian and because of the availability of cheap land

the defeat of the Indians by the Scotch-Irish, German and English settlers.

establish trade with other countries

joint stock company seeking profit.

the lack of an established church.

ALL

slave labor

slave labor

Florida

opposition to slavery

their African cultural practices

did not

political repression, recession, and limits on the religious practices.

other religions

Anne Hutchinson; because she challenged the religious beliefs of religious leaders.

A religious revival in colonial America.

the creation of new churches and divisions within existiong ones

Merchants

that natural laws operated the universe

to assure an adequate supply of Congregational/Puritan ministers

accepting a greater role for women, opposition to slavery, freedom of religion, and the refusal to bear arms

many religions, a heredirary aristocracy, many non-British settlers, and slavery

villages, towns, and farming

backcountry farmers and tidewater plantation owners

both Virginia and Massachusetts

their property

the belief that the role of women was to raise their children to be virtuous

Language differences between tribes

The most effective Indian organization to face the colonies

impose direct/revenue taxes on the colonies

prevent settler-Indian conflict over land

colonist from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains

to raise money to support the British troops stationed in America

it was a tax without the consent of the colonies

because violence was used, it occurred when British troops were being permanently stationed in America, the claim was made that parliamentary taxation denied the colonists their rights as British subjects, and Parliament declared that it had supreme legislative authority over the colonies

to provide money to pay for British troops stationed in America

land speculators, newspaper editors, lawyers, settlers, and merchants

whether or not the colonies' interest were represent in parliament

Bacon's Rebellion, the Boston Tea Party, Shay's Rebellion, and the Whiskey Rebellion

the conceprt of monarchy as a form of government

based on natural law, appealed to the British people, criticized the Quebec Act and called George III a tyrant

sovereignty

Abigail Adams

Saratoga

NOT

to weaken Great Britain

American control of the territory east of the Mississippi River from the Great Lakes to Florida

the same powers it had just denied to Parliament

an orderly process to create new states and was the greatest success of the national government under the Articles of Confederation

the national government lacked the power to tax

because the U.S. had not returned confiscated property to Tories (Treaty of Paris, 1783)

the frustration of New England farmers with increased taxes and debts that had to be paid in hard currency

the final draft of the Constituion

limited government

that the widespread ownership of property promoted democracy

a government acceptable to slave and free states, as well as small and large sates; a strong national government; and Separation of Powers.

the development of political parties

ratification of the Constituion (Anti-Federalist)

an electoral college

to protect rights not mentioned in the Constituion

that a republic over a large area would best protect individual rights

the counting of slaves for the number of seats in a state's delegation to the House of Representative.

to insulate the presidency from

the wealthy

it favored wealthy financial interest

a court system (Judiciary Act), a Bill of Rights, a revenue tariff, and the State Department.

use government policy to subsidize manufacturing

by reducing the role of the federal government

a nation of yeoman farmers, that government should be limited, the presidents should stress virtue and simpicity, and that freedom of speech was vital

Republican agrarianism

"another revolution" because the Federalists stepped down after they lost the election

silencing critics of President Adam's foreign policy in regard to England and France

that the states had the power to delcare federal laws to be unconstitutional (Theory of Interpostion).

The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, the Hartford Convention, and the South Carolina Exposition and Protest

promote business enterprise

it was issued in response to French desire to invoke the Franco American Alliance.

Pickney's Treaty

because he wanted to preserve an agricultural society by making new lands open to farming and to provide a port for the shipping of western goods

Jefferson's Louisiana Purchase

was an unpopular and unsuccessful attempt to deal with British and French denial American trade rights

the Farewell Address

the lack of political and military agreements with other countries

he warned against the development of political parties and permanent alliances with other countries

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

limit the activities of slaves and freed blacks to prevent slave revolts in America

because of concern for its national honor, the impressment of sailors, British interference with U.S. commerce, and British aid to American Indians.

to settle the issue of British impressment of American sailors

it demonstrated New England Federalist Party opposition fo the War of 1812

prevent new European colonies, to protect new republics in the Western Hemisphere, to indicate that the political systems of Europe and the Western Hemisphere were vastly different, and to assert American independence in the area of foreign policy

Roads and canals

it allowed Maine into the union as a free state and banned slavery in most of the Louisiana Territory

American manufacturing

the cotton gin and interchangeable parts

a plan to promote the expansion of manufacturing in New York

in the textile industry of Massachusetts

Irish immigrants

Ireland

Daniel Webster's reply to Senator Hayne (the Webster-Hayne Debate)

they believed it was necessary to increase political role of the common man

literacy and the reading of newspapers

Alex de Tocqueville's Deomocracy in America

the American System of Henry Clay

the Nullification Crisis

the Tariff of Abomination (1828)

Indian Removal, the removal of BUS II funds, annexation of new territories, and the use of the veto power

landscape paintings

cheap land policy, regional specialization in the production of goods, land speculation, and improvements in transportation

to connect Midwestern farmers to Eastern cities

the national economy through transportation improvements

a protective tariff, tax-supported internal improvements, increased trade within the country, and reliance on domestic resources

to make the American economy grow and become self-sufficient

over-speculation, a credit bubble, and an increase in the number of banks that issued their own currency

land sales and tariffs

because of the conflict it would cause over slavery

the removal of the Indians to west of the Mississippi

The Cherokees recieved support from the Supreme Court in their attempt to keep their tribal lands in Georgia. ---Trail of Tears---

the majority

return freed slaves to Africa

over the role of women in the abolition movement

NOT

natural increase in birth rates

circulate some property

the most radical and outspoken advocate of the immediate and uncompensated emancipation abolition of slavery as editor of the Liberator

because blacks were viewed as inferior, slavery was supported by the Bible, the economy was dependent on it, and poor whites did not want to compete against freed blacks

Most northerners accepted slavery where it existed but were opposed to its expansion.

wives, mothers, and homemakers

The Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions issued at the Seneca Falls Convention

Temperance Movement

links to other reform movements, organizing conventions, middle class participation, and legal and educational rights

(treatment of the insane)

Brook Farm and the Oneida Community

sought to create a cooperative society

the belief in the ability of people to create a better world

an area in New York where there was strong religious zeal created by the Second Great Awakening

the presence of God in nature

state and local public schools

compulsory education laws, use of state and local tax money, teacher training schools, and a standardized school year length

they should be allowed to avoid adult responsibilities for as long as they could

in Mexico

prevent slavery in the territories acquired by the Mexican War

Manifest Destiny

in part, stronger Fugitive Slave Law

the stronger Fugitive Slave Act

because it repealed the Missouri Compromise

that the settlers of a territory should decide the status of slavery

to prevent the further expansion of slavery into the national territories and this was expressed in it 1860 platform

that the national government could not prohibit slavery in the territories and that blacks were not citizens

it repealed the Missouri Compromise

because of the new Fugitive Slave law, the Dred Scott decision, the gag rule, and the Ostend Manifesto

out of the opposition to immigration of the Irish and Germans into the U.S.

dependent on cotton production and did not have much industry

1861; to preserve the Union

because of concerns about reaction in the border states

that Great Britain would recognize the Confederacy

both Great Britain and France

industrial power, railroads, foreign trade, and naval supremacy

the Battle of Antietam (leading to the Emancipation Proclamation)

to strengthen the moral cause of the Union

laws establishing high tariffs, a national banking system,loaning of money and making land grants, and the Homestead Act

to disrupt cotton exports, create inflation in the South, start the construction of a transcontinental railroad, and create a national banking system

Black Union soldiers were paid less than whites.

Congress and presidents

support for the 14th Amendment, military occupation of the South, punishment of Confederate leaders, and limitation on presidential power

the passing of Black Codes by Southern states, race riots, the election of former Confederate officials to Congress, and the refusal of southern states to ratify the 14th Amendment

to guarantee rights to former slaves

it provided for military control of the South

manufacturing and industry to grow in the South after the Civil War

during Reconstruction

sharecroppers

the crop-lien system and sharecropping

because of a compromise reached by the Democrats and Republicans after the election of 1876 (Compromise of 1877)

custom duties (tariffs)

end tribal culture, tribal ownership of land and replace it with individual ownership, and to assimilate Indians into the mainstream of American culture

a cut in wages by the company

competition (horizontal integration)

Southern and Eastern Europe (New Immigrant)

because they practices different religions, had different languages and culture, and were willing to work for lower wages, and were not familiar with the political system

European farms and villages

Congressional legislation (The Chinese Exclusion Act)

was not

frequent up and downs in the growth of the economy

the great amount of wealth in a few hands if it was used in part to better society

that the law of competition was a cornerstone of civilization

because of the availability of unskilled jobs in the steel and meat-packing industries

it opened new areas to agriculture, helped urbanize the country, led to new business techniques, and had lots of capital to support its growth

a number of violent strikes

Helen Hunt Jackson's, A Century of Dishonor

many states created public universities as a result of the Morrill Land Grant Act, many colleges admitted women, many used the German model of for graduate education, and many scientific and engineering colleges were created

patriotism

"bread and butter" unionism by bargaining for higher wages, fewer hours, and improved working conditions

only skilled workers

because the use of the sewing machine which made clothes more affordable

Cold winters, a drop in cattle prices, overgrazing, and increased crop production

Supreme Court decisions

equality, voting rights, the creation of the NAACP, and the cooperation with whites for blacks

blacks to help themselves through education and the acquisition of wealth

limiting the economic and political rights of blacks after the end of reconstruction

Exodusters

Ida B. Wells

the granting of voting rights to freed black men

The Slaughter House Cases and the 1883 Civil Rights cases

they survived the Redeemer governments of the New South era

Plessey v. Ferguson (1896)

Black Northerners

the area that was farmed

"discriminatory" freight rates

the unlimited coinage of sillver as currency, a graduated income tax, the secret ballot, and ownership of railroads

the free and unlimited coinage of silver

farmers in the election of 1896

because it was viewed as being radical, racial tensions, the Democratic Party adopted many of its ideas, and western and southern farmers had different interests and strategies

because of the failure of the Populist Party in the election of 1896, the growth of urban areas increasing demand and prices for farm goods, crop failures in Europe leading to an increase in exports, and the discovery of gold in the Yukon

they sought state regulation of railroads, organized cooperatives, formed a third political party, and wanted inflation of the currency

Municipal corruption

Urban bosses and machines

where people lived in cities

machine politics corruption, mass transit systems, settlement house, and municipal reform movements

nurseries for working women, literacy classes, published reports on bad housing conditions, and offered classes on cooking and dressmaking

middle class, college educated women

inadequate sewer and water facilities

because of the building of sewers and water systems

it dealt with urban poverty

Muckrakers

because of the increase in circulaton of magazines and newpapers

to limit the power of unions

the regulation big business

regulate the power of monopolies

activities of reformers, the sacrifice associated with WWI, the desire to reform society, and the effect of state prohibition laws

urban middle class reformers; consumer issues

competition and conflict as a means improve society

child labor laws, the Fourteen Points, prohibition (Volstead Act) and the National Origins Act, democratization of the political system, women's rights, and scientific approaches to social problems

the Pure Food and Drug Act

to regulate industry and labor

efforts to assure the quality of food and drugs and to regulate monopolies and the railroad

the Pure Food and Drug Act

the creation of the Federal Trade Commission to counteract the influence of big business

to make the currency and credit more elastic

providing for an income tax, women's suffrage, prohibtion, and direct election of senator

in states west of the Mississippi

granting women the right to vote

arbitrate a labor dispute (The Anthracite Coal Strike)

the role of western expansion and the frontier on the development of American history

because McKinley's weakness, yellow journalism, American business interests, and America's expanding role in the Caribbean

free trade with China

Social Darwinism

fame as a newspaper publisher (Yellow Journalism)

the Spanish American War

yellow journalim, the naval policy of Mahan and TR, European imperialism, and Social Darwinism

the Roosevelt Corollary

in response to the fear that financial instabilty in the Dominican Republic would lead to European intervention in the Western Hemisphere

concern for the U.S. economic and strategies interest

the acquistion of the Philippine Island

they were looking for work during WWI

to encourage cooperation between business, labor, and government

because it depicted the Ku Klux Klan as heroic

persuade Americans to fight for freedom and democracy, that Germans were barbarians, to buy binds to finance the war, and that German invasion of the U.S. was possible

American involvement in WWI

American Neutality on the high seas

violations of American neutrality from 1914-1917

open diplomacy, freedom of the seas the creation of the League of Nations,and self-determination for ethnic groups in old empires

because of fear of getting into another war, rivalries between President Wilson and Henry Cabot Lodge, Wilson’s illness, and unwillingness by some Senators to compromise at all

on unconditional acceptance of the U.S. to the charter of the League of Nations

get public support for the League of Nations

tax cuts for wealthy Americans

lower taxes to increase the amound of money available for investment

the 1920's

farmers

regulatory agencies to serve the interests of business

the deportation of aliens accused of radical political activities

attempt to deport radical aliens who supported communism and anarchism

immigrants from Northern and Western Europe

the decrease in European immigrants in the 1920's

white supremacy and limits on immigration

a multilateral treaty banning offensive war

the isolationism of America foreign policy after WWII

international finace and reparation plans (Dawes Plan)

flappers

disillusionment

Sinclair Lewis and F. Scott Fitzgerald

Margaret Sanger

the Scopes Trial

cultural conflict between fundamentalism and modernism

black artistic and intellectual achievement

James Weldon Johnson, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, and Josephine Baker

Marcuc Garvey

black pride and nationalism

move around the country looking for work

the 1930's

to convince the government to pay a bonus to WWI veterans

the federal government used military force

by overproduction of agricultural and manufactures goods

dislocations in international trade (The Hawley-Smoot Tariff)

by supporting the creation of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation

the importance of private charity

shantytowns (temporary homes) built by the poor and unemployed during the Depression

banking regulation, unemployment relief, agricultural adjustment, and home mortgage support

protection for unions (NLRA), payment to farmers (AAA), public power generating facilities (TVA), and the creation of business codes (NIRA)

restricting agricultural production, restoring confidence in banks, dificits, and creation of jobs in the public sector

by reducing competition

built dams and made rural electrification possible

raise prices by lowering production by reducing the amount of land under cultivation

The Wagner Labor Relations Act

over a dispute concerning the role of skilled and unskilled labor in the union movement

John L. Lewis; because he believed that unskilled laborer was becoming the largest aspect of the labor movement

Dr. Francis Townsend

FDR's Court Packing Plan

the Democratic Party

a tax to transfer $$$ from workers to pensioners

after the negotiations between the U.S. and Japan reached a stalemate

a result of military production related to WWII

aggressors and those being attacked (Neutrality Acts)

refuse to cognize Japan's actions (Stimson Doctrine)

in order to create a hemispheric defense plan against fascism and renounced the right to militarily intervene there (Good Neighbor Policy)

women qaed the work force, Japanese-Americans were placed in internment camps, gas and sugar was rationed, and blacks continued the migration to northern cities

more

to keep the USSR out of the war, save American lives, show American military power, and to force the unconditional surrender of Japan

because it was feared they would be involved in subversive activities which would aid a Japanese invasion of the U.S.

to provide weapons to the Allies

Korematsu v. U.S.

George Kennan; to limit the expansion of the influence of the Soviet Union

to resist communism in Turkey and Greece

to aid the economic recovery of Europe after WWII

by seeking support from the United Nations

grew as a result of the Soviet’s developing an atomic bomb, the uncovering of spies in America, Truman’s use of anti-communism in foreign policy, and reaction to the successful Communist revolution in China

to remove the stigma from the Democratic Party of the loss of China

the CIA using covert action

by expanding federal aid to science education

the development of a Military Industrial Complex

Sputnik, the Suez Crisis, the U-2 incident and Castro's takeover of Cuba

the withdrawal of the French

the removal of the missiles by the USSR and a U.S. promise not to invade Cuba to remove Castro

the assumptions of America’s role in the world after WWII (containment)

an escalation of the American war effort

take any measures necessary and led to the use of combat troops in Vietnam

a decline in popular support for the war in Vietnam

ability of LBJ to achieve his domestic programs

President Nixon’s policy of détente

Richard Nixon

Jimmy Carter's

because the Democrats supported national civil rights legislation

Brown v. Board of Education

Brown v. Board of Education and Plessey v. Ferguson

1957; the power only to investigate charges of discrimination

ML King

Stokely Carmichael

the Black Panthers and the Nation of Islam

black control of political and economic life

Sit-ins

Greensboro, NY

opposed to civil disobedience in civil rights and anti-war demonstrations and exploited race as a national political issue

consumer demand and saving

increase college enrollment after WWII

in order to allow returning soldiers to have their jobs

Betty Friedan (The Feminine Mystique)

challenge sex discrimination in the workplace

David Riesman (The Lonely Crowd) and other commentators of the 1950's

Rachel Carson's Silent Spring

black rhythm, blues, and jazz

Vietnam, the status of women, the economic status of non-whites and bureaucracy

the death of four students protesting against the war in Vietnma

service workers

Christian Fundamentalism, support for the environmental movement, women holding political office, and the average age of Americans

they both emphasized that they were Washington outsiders

spending on Vietnam and on social welfare programs

a feature of the growth of post-war conformity

he led the effort to oppose the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment

threaten the Social Security system

prosperity, suburbanization, a “baby boom”, and the growth of the black civil rights movement.

through his Fair Deal program

because of the opposition from Republicans and conservative Southern Democrats

limit the power of labor unions

the economy grew, the baby boom took place, Blacks continued to move to Northern cities, and the Interstate Highway system was begun

he accepted the New Deal but did not significantly expand it

the Federal Highway Act of 1956

the Kennedy Administration

assassinations of ML King and Robert Kennedy, urban riots, anti-war demonstrations in Chicago, and support for George Wallace’s American Independent Party

The Great Society's anti-poverty program

The Tet Offensive

the split in the Democratic Party over Vietnam policy

high interest rates, inflation increased government spending, and rising unemployment

The Three Mile Island Incident

increase in incomes for the wealthy and encourage investment by the wealthy through tax cuts