A blood cell that contains hemoglobin, which transports oxygen; also called a red blood cell
Leukocyte
A blood cell that functions in fighting infections; also called a white blood cell.
Lymph
The colorless fluid, derived from interstitial fluid, in the lymphatic system of vertebrates.
Plasma
The liquid matrix of blood in which cells are suspended.
Platelet
A pinched-off cytoplasmic fragment of specialezed bone marrow cell. Platelets circulate in the blood and are important in blood clotting.
Alveoli
One of the dead-end, multilobed air sacs where gas exchange occurs in a mammalian lung.
Bronchi
One of a pair of breathing tubes that branch from the trachea into the lungs.
Bronchioles
A fine branch of the bronchi that transports air to alveoli.
Countercurrent Exchange
The exchange of a substance or heat between two fluids flowing in opposite directions. For example, blood in a fish gill flows in the opposite direction of water passing over the gill, maximizing diffusion of oxygen into and carbon dioxide out of the blood.
Partial Pressure
the pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture of gases (for instance, the pressure exerted by oxygen in the air)
Tidal Volume
The volume of air a mammal inhales and exhales with each breath
Tracheal System
In insects, a system of branched, air-filled tubes that extends throughout the body and carries oxygen directly to cells
Ventilation
The flow of air or water over a respiratory surface
Vital copacity
Max tidal volume
Residual volume
Air that remains in lungs after a forced exhalation
Systolic pressure
Blood pressure in arteries during contraction of ventricles
Diastolic pressure
Blood pressure in arteries during relaxation of ventricles
