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motivation
hypothetical construct
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Intervening variable
an explanation of the hypothetical construct at a more fundamental level
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Approaches to motivation
drive, incentive, arousal (curiosity), opponent-process
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Sensory deprivation
eliminated sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell. The brain manufactured its own stimulus.
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Physiological needs
food, water, sex, shelter
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belongingness and love needs
acceptance and friendship
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esteem needs
self-esteem, self esteem from others
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Self actualization needs
realing ones full potential as a productive, creative person
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Lipids
fats. fats are the way the body stores energy
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amino acids
breaking down foods
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Ghrelin
facilitates eating, comes from stomach lining, stimulates hunger, opposite effect of leptin and PYY, detected by Arcuate nucleus
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Arcuate Nucleus
close to areas involved with eating and non eating
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Leptin
fast acting hormone, comes from fat cells, supresses appetite
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PYY
Hormone, comes from intestine, supresses appetite
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Set point
rate at which you use up the food you eat
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Endorphins
Carbohydrates -> serotonin
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Social factors
influence how much we eat
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Sex
organization or development of the sexual drive is hormonally influenced. the activation of the sexual drive in the mature adult is influenced by the higher brain
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Sense of gender
gender identity, sex typing, gender role, sex role
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Acquistion of a gender role
pyschoanalytic view, social learning, cognitive view
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3 years
gender identity, awareness of genders
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4-5 years
gender stability, gender has outcomes/consequences. preoperational thinking because of unidimensional classification
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6-7 years
gender constancy, gender is with the individual and not the context. Concrete operations thinking because of multidimensional classification.
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Henry Murray
Contemporary Psychologist, came up with idea of being able to surpass others, and use yourself as your own standard. had an MD and PHd.
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Fear of failure high, and need to achieve high
conflict and frustration
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fear of failure high, need to achieve low
low achievement need
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fear of failure low, need to achieve high
high achievement need
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Fear of failure low, need to achieve low
reckless erratic
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Setting goals of intermediate difficulty
tend to be most informative
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Elizabeth Horner
came up with Thematic apperception test
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emotion
a "state" linked with motivation, the result of not havng the appropriate amount of information to deal with the percieved circumstances
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All emotion involves
A physiological change, a subjective feeling, an overt expression
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Sympathetic dominance
Pupil dialation, secretion of adrenaline
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Ekamn
rated darwin, observed 6 main emotions, Anger, fear, sadness, happiness, surprise, disgust
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Sources of stress
life changes, minor annoyances, frustration and conflict, chronic discomfort and illness
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responses to frustration and conflict
aggression, increased responding, escape and avoidance, depression, stress
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Hippocrates
father of modern medicine
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General adaptation syndrome
founded by Hans Selye. 3 stages, 1. alarm, 2. resistance, 3. exhaustion
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