Lectures 4 and 6 Plant Bio

pieces of a plant cultured in a medium containing mineral elements and hormones necessary for growth.

the basic plant growth hormone. Primarily involved in the control of elongation, it also regulates cell division and a host of other plant responses to the environment.

the hormone involved in controlling cell division.

the reaction of plants to light coming from one side. Growth toward the light is called positive phototropism.

the growth hormone that controls bud opening and seed germination.

a layer of cells that dies in the fall, allowing the leaf to drop from the tree.

a mass of undifferentiated plant cells.

a tissue formed during the double fertilization. Most endosperm is triploid (3n) and is important in the development of the embryo.

a growth hormone that is a gas. Involved in fruit ripening and the formation of abscission layers.

basically responsible for internode elongation. Also involved with flowering and seed germination.

elements needed in large amounts for plant growth.

chemical compounds that regulate plant growth.

a portion of the chromosome where the two chromatids are joined.

each chromosome is composed of two identical chromatids joined at the centromere.

the heredity material of the cell

a cell or organism that has many nuclei in a common cytoplasm.

the division of one cell into two

nulcei containing pairs of homologous chromosomes

nuclei containing a single set of chromosomes

a pair of identical chromosomes

the place where the spindle fibers attach to the chromatid.

Interphase: the period between active division when the cells DNA is doubled.

Prophase: begins with the shortening of the chroosomes and ends with the dissolution of the nucleolus and the breakdown of the nuclear membrane.

Metaphase: the alignment of the chromosomes on the cell equator and the attaching of the spindle fibers to the kinetochores.

Anaphase: the centromeres divide and the chromosomes move to the poles.

Telophase: the chromosomes reach the poles and begin to relax. The nuclear membrane reforms as do the nucleoli.

fibers of protein that connect the kinetochore to the poles.