Radiology

the negatively charged particle of an atom

x-ray with shorter wavelengths penetrate__ than rays with longer wavelengths

electons travel__

in x-ray tubes, the majority of energy produced by the movement of elevtrons is in the form of__

on the electromagnetic spectru, in relation to visible light, x-rays__

What are two names for bdles of energy that ravel in a wave?

Filamnents located in an x-ray tube emit__ when heated

the anode's target is composed of__

The anode's target reaches temeratures in excess of __ during x-ray production

the anode's targer usually has a __ base

Which kind of anode is unable to withstand large amounts of heat?

Veterinary patients have a tendency to move while being positioned for radiographs to be taken. The radiographer should help to safely prevent artifacts of movement by__

x-ray tube ratings are based on target angle, focal spot size, elevtrical current (single- or three--phase operation) and:

Which of the following is a type of somatic damage caused by radiation? a. gene mutation b. cataracts c. sterility d. none of the above

__ damage is not detectable until future generations are produced

What is the upper limit of exposure that an occupationally exposed individual may receive according to state and federal regulations?

A type of dosimeter designed to monitor that actual amount of radiation received

What type of dosimeter can be stored for years, maintaints its information, and can be reused?

What does scatter depend on?

The most conclusive method used to inspect lead-lined gloves and aprons for crack and defects is__

What is the thickness of the lead-impregnated rubber lining protective appareal in veterinary radiography?

How might you increase penetrating power of the x-rays?

The milliamperage-seconds (mAs) for 1000mA and 1/10 sec is:

According to Santes' rule, is a cat's abdomen measures 12 cm, kVp is:

The source-image distance most commonly ranges from__ in veterinary practices

one percent of the energy produced at the anode is in the form of__

The temperature of the filament within the cathode is controlled by:

An xray's intensity __ as SID decreases

the potential difference between the anode and cathode is measured in:

a higher kVp setting allows for a __ mAs and __ exposure time

What does thicker body parts do to the radiographic density?

High subject contrast __ radiographic contrast

The primary exposure factor that controls scatter radiation

What do grids contain that contols scatter radiation?

Where is a grid located?

To prevent magnification and distrotion of the object being radiographed, the patient must:

if a god is being radiographed for hip dysplasia, what phenomenon will occur if the femurs are not parallel to the film?

The walls of the darkroom should be white or cream colored because:

Which of the following is true regarding safelights? a. they should be 20 watts or less b. they must be at least 4 feet from the work area c. the brown filter is for blue-light-sensitive film d. film can be exposed to safelights indefinitely with no ill effects to the film

What is the ideal pH at which to develop radiographs?

Unexposed silver halide crystals remaining on films are removed at this stage:

Advantages of automated film processing include: a. consistent quality of processed radiographs b. dry radiographs are produced in a short time c. a much smaller space is necessary d. all of the above

These two by products of development contain silver that cannot be disposed of in a septic systems:

Which of the following is no required on the label ID of a radiograph? a. initials of radiographer b. date taken c. patient name and owner name d. name and address of hospital

All of the following are legally valid methods of labeling a radiograph except: a. lead-impregnated tape b. lead marker c. premanent marker after development d. photoimprinting label system

The conversion of x-ray into visible light occurs via:

To absorb backscatter, the back of most cassettes are lined with:

Intensifying screens allow:

The main advantage of today's rare-earth-coated intensifying screens is:

Which of the following statements is true? a. screen film is more sensitive to ionizing radiation b. nonscreen film produces poorer detail c. nonscreen film is highly sensitive to fluroescent light emitted from intensifying screens d. nonscreen film requires greater exposure

True/False: both the fluroscopic image and x-ray image viewed on a view box are considered positive images because they intensity of light emitted by each part of the screen is proportional to the amount of x-rays striking that part of the screen

a processing film that has been exposed to ionizing radiation or visible light will appear:

Which of the following are appropriate storage conditions for radiographic films?

Which of the following film-screen systems is most commonly used in veterinary medicine?

true/false: the radiographer must recover silver in the veterinary clinic

the most effective types of darkroom doors include: a. doors that do not lock b. revolving door system. c. double door system d. both b and c

The degree of blackness on the radiograph is:

Density is determined primarily by:

Radiographic contrast is determinded primarily by:

If a radiograph includes many shades of gray, which of the following is also true regarding the image?

When viewing a radiograph of a laterally positioned animal: a. the head should be at the top of the view box b. the head should face the viewer's left with spine at the top c. the head should face the viewer's right with the spine at the top

an overexposed film appears __; to correct this, __

What action should be taken if it is difficult to see anatomic silhouettes on an abdominal film and the film is too light? why?

You have determinded that penetration in adequate for a particular abdominal film. All abdominal structures are well outlined. However, the film has an overall appearance of being too light. What should you do next?

A thoracic film is too dark the bone tissue is relatively white. What is the next step?

How does kVp affect scatter radiation?

Any body part exceeding this measurement requires the use of a grid to reduce for-producing scatter radiation

when taking a test radiograph, the following requirements should be met:

According to the author, when developing a varible kVp technique chart, kilovoltage should be increased or decrease by increments of __ for each centimeter measurement

Which of the following conditions may require decreasing the mAs to account for increased radiographic density? a. neonatal animals b. ascites c. pleural effusion d. plaster casts

If a radiograph is too light after taking a view of the later abdomen what change may be recommended?

Compared with the abdomen, how much mAs does a quality view of the pelvis require?

A grid with a ratio of 12:1 will be used with the machine at your clinic. How does this affet the generation of your variable kVp chart?