chapter3

the basic structural unit of all organisms.

the three main parts of a cell are

a bilayer of phospholipid and protein molecules that controls passage of materials in and out of cell

the meduim for chemical reactions in the cell.

the largest and innermost oranelle in the cell contains dna and rgulates cell activity

carries genetic information that directs all cell activites

the genetic material contained in te nucleus of a nondividing cell consists of chromosomes

a dense body with in the nucleus composed of dna, rna, and prtoein molecules and it the site for synthesis of Rna

they direct the formation of proteins

a specialized part of a cell that performs a particular function

provide enzymes that link amino acids for protein synthesis

mitochondrion

digests material that comes into the cell and they break down nutrient molecules and foreign particles (garbage disposals)

coordinates movement of organelles

involed with cell division and organizing mitotic spindles

moves substances across the surface of a cell

the division of a somatic cell to form two new cells each idnetical to the partent cell

four stages of mitosis

a type of nuclear division in which thge number of chromosomes is reduced to half the number found in a normal ody cell. results in the formation of an egg or sperm

separation of the cytoplasm

the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration a concentration gradient

the diffusion of water through a selctively permeable membrane

diffusion through a membrane by means of proteins called carrier molecules

the movement of fluid througha membrane in response to hydrostatic pressure

the movement of substances agianst a concentration gradient from a region of lower concentration to higher concentration. requires energy and a carrier molecule

the formation of vesicles in the cell membrance to transfer particles and droplets from the outside into the cell.

endocytosis

ingestion of solids

ingestion of liquids

the dischare from a cell of particles too large to pass through the cell membrane by diffusion

a solution that has the same concentration as fluids within a cell

a solution that has a higher concentration than the fluids within a cell

a solution that has a lower concentration than the fluids within a cell

the simplest form of matter. cannot be broken down.

the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.

a substance with a pH less than 7

a substance with a pH greater than 7

a mixture where a sold is distributed but not dissolved,

the study of tissues

types of tissues

cells that produce mucus in difestive respiratory urinary and reproductive tracts

plane that divides the body into fron and back halves. aka coronal plane

a plane that divides the body into left and right portions. aka lateral plane

plane that passes along the midline and divides the body into equal left and right halves. aka median plane

a plane that divides the body into upper and lower halves. aka horizontal plane

main body caivity consisting of cranial cavity, which contains the brain, and the spinal cavity

body cavity consisting of the thoracic the abdominal and the pelvic cavities.

ventral cavity

a translucent band that is seen best in thick glabrous skin

dead keratinized cells located on the outer surface of the epidermis

the shaft of the long bone

spongy bone tissue located at the ends of a long bone

how many bones are in the human skeleton

a u shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue.

how many vertabrea are in the skeleton

the second cervical vertebra. allows the head to turn

the last bone at the base of the vertebra column. tailbone

how many pairs of true ribs

how many false ribs

floating ribs

the skeletal structure consisting of the two clavicles and the two shoulder blades

another name for shoulder blade

a projection on the ulna that forms the bony point of the elbow

a projection on the temporal bone

the skeletal structure consisting of the ilium the sacrum and the coccyx

the three types of muscle are

two types of proteins in the muscle are