AP gov Chapter 8.txt

• author "Me"
• tags "Political Parties"
• description "Key terms "
• fileName "AP gov Chapter 8"
• Party competition
• The battle of the parties for control of public offices. Ups and downs of the two major parties are one of the most important elements in American politics.

Independent. Young and immigrants.

According to Anthony Downs, a "term of men [and women] seeking to control the government apparatus by gaining office in a duly constituted election"

The channels through which people's concerns became political issues on on the government's agenda

A popular theory in political science to explain the actions of voters as well as politicians. It assumes the individuals act in their own best interest, carefully weighing cost and benefits of possible alternatives.

• Big 3
• 1) political parties:
• 2) elections:
• 3)interest groups
• 4) media: inform us

• A. Pick candidates
• B. run campaigns
• C. Give cues to voters
• D. Articulate policies
• E. Coordinate policy making

The voters perception of what the Republican or Democrats stand for, such as conservatism or liberalism.

Economist, (contributing editor for economist) created rational choice theory. Said political parties have specific goals: to win campaigns. They appeal to public viewpoint.

The voter's perception of what the Republicans or Democrats stand for, such as conservatism or liberalism.

A citizen's self-proclaimed preference for one party or the other.

Voting with one party for one office and with another party for other offices. It has become the norm in America voting behavior.

A type of political party organization that relies heavily on material inducements, such as patronage, to win votes and govern.

One of the key inducements see by party machines. A patronage job, promotion, or contract is one that is given for political reasons rather than for merit or competence alone.

Elections to select party nominees in which only people who have registered in advance with the party's candidates, thus encouraging greater party loyalty.

Elections to select party nominees in which voters can decide on Election Day whether they want to participate in the Democratic or Republican contests

Elections to select party nominees in which voters are presented with a list of candidates from all parties. Voters can select some Democrats and some Republicans if they like

The meeting of party delegates every four years to choose a presidential ticket and write the party's platform.

One of the institutions that keeps the party operating between conventions. composed of representatives from the states and territories.

Responsible for the day-to-day activities of the party and is usually handpicked by he presidential nominee.

A group of individuals which a common interest on which every political party depends

Historical periods in which a majority of voters cling to the party in power, which tends to win the majority of elections.

An electoral "earthquake" whet new issues emerge, new coalitions replace or ones, and the minority party is often displaced by the minority party. Critical election periods are sometimes marked by national crisis (i.e.. Great Depression) and may take more than one election to bring about a new party ea.

The displacement of the majority party by the minority part, usually during a critical election period.

A coalition forged by the Democrats, who dominated American politics from the 1930s to the 1969s. It's basic elements were the urban working class, ethnic groups, Catholics and Jews, the poor, Southerners, African Americans, and intellectuals.

The gradual disengagement of people and politics from parties, as seen in part my shrinking party identification.

Electoral contenders other than the two major parties. Americans third parties are not unusual, but they rarely win elections.

An electoral system in which legislative seats are awarded only to the candidates who come in first in their constituencies. In American presidential elections, the system in which the winner of the popular vote in a state receives all the electoral votes of that state.

An electoral system used throughout most of Europe that awards legislative seats to political parties in proportion to the number of votes won in an election.

• When two or more parties join together to form a majority in a national legislature .
• This form of government is quite common in the multiparty systems of Europe.

A view favored by some political scientists about how parties should work. According to the mode, parties should offer clear choices to voters, how can then use those choices as cues to their own preferences of candidates. Once in office, parties would carry out their campaign promises.

• 1796-1824: federalist party
• Critical Election: Democratic Republicans
• 1828-1856: Jackson and the democrats (Whigs were opposition)
• Critical election: slavery and state rights (Lincoln)
• 1860-1928: two republican eras (anti slavery)
• Critical Elections: stock market crash of 1929 (Great Depression)
• 1932-1968: FDR and the new deal coalition
• Critical election: vietnam
• 1968-present: divided government, ticket splitting, causes gridlock