APUSH Part 4

Strong central government provided by power divided between state and national governments, checks and balances, amendable constitution

Stronger union of states, equal and population-based representation, simple majority vote (with presidential veto), regulation of foreign and interstate commerce, execution by president, power to enact taxes, federal courts, easier amendment process

System for orderly settlement of West

Gives Congress the power to pass laws it deems necessary to enforce the Constitution

Anti-Federalists wanted states’ rights, bill of rights, unanimous consent, reference to religion, more power to less-rich and common people; Federalists wanted strong central government, more power to experienced, separation of church and state, stated that national government would protect individual rights

Written anonymously by Hamilton, Jay, and Madison; commentary on Constitution, republicanism extended over large territory

Established federal district courts that followed local procedures, Supreme Court had final jurisdiction; compromise between nationalists and advocates for states’ rights

Protected rights of individual from the power of the central government

Hamilton’s plan to solve Revolutionary debt, Assumption highly controversial, pushed his plan through Congress, based on loose interpretation of Constitution

Proposed by Hamilton to repair war debts; selling of securities and federal lands, assumption of state debts, set up the first National Bank

Hamilton praised efficient factories with few managers over many workers, promote emigration, employment opportunities, applications of technology

Loose interpretation allowed for implied powers of Congress (such as the National Bank), strict interpretation implied few powers to Congress

Western Pennsylvanian farmers’ violent protest against whiskey excise tax, Washington sent large army to put down revolt, protests to be limited to non-violent

Edmond Genet contributed to polarization of the new nation by creating his American Foreign Legion in the south, which was directed to attack Spanish garrisons in New Orleans and St. Augustine

British Navy would take American sailors and force them to work for Britain

Provided for evacuation of English troops from posts in the Great Lakes

States could refuse to enforce the federal laws they deemed unconstitutional

The two political parties that formed following Washington’s presidency; Federalists for stronger central government, Republicans for stronger state governments

Warned against permanent foreign alliances and political parties, called for unity of the country, established precedent of two-term presidency

Response to French attempts for alliance with US

French foreign minister (Talleyrand) demanded bribe in order to meet with American peace commission, made Adams unpopular among the people

Meant to keep government unquestioned by critics, particularly of the Federalists

Argued that states had the right to determine whether or not the laws passed by Congress were constitutional

Required separate and distinct ballots for presidential and vice presidential candidates Citizen Genet – Edmond Genet contributed to polarization of the new nation by creating his American Foreign Legion in the south, which was directed to attack Spanish garrisons in New Orleans and St. Augustine

Emphasis on personal salvation, emotional response, and individual faith; women and blacks; nationalism (Manifest Destiny)