APUSH Part 2

William and Mary kicked James II out of England (exiled into France), allowed more power to the legislatures

established colony of Georgia as a place for honest debtors

Emphasis on human reason, logic, and science (acquired, not nascent, knowledge); increased followers of Christianity

Connected the colonies to Britain, opposed to unnecessary unfair taxation; strong influence on Albany Plan

Began by Edwards to return to Puritanism, increased overall religious involvement, gave women more active roles in religion, more and more ministers sprouted up throughout the country; mainly affected towns and cities

Believed that God created the universe to act through natural laws; Franklin, Jefferson, Paine

Powerful speaker, toured the country and inspired many into Christianity

Puritan minister, led revivals, stressed immediate repentance

New Lights brought new ideas, rejected by Old Lights; both sought out institutions independent of each other

Colonies proposed colonial confederation under lighter British rule (crown-appointed president, “Grand Council”); never took effect

French threat at the borders was no longer present, therefore the colonies didn’t need English protection; more independent stand against Britain

Prohibited settlements west of Appalachian, restriction on colonial growth

Parliament took minor actions in the colonies, allowing them to experiment with and become accustomed to self-government, international trade agreements

Search warrants on shipping to reduce smuggling; challenged by James Otis

Similar to Navigatio; raised money to pay colonial officials by American taxes; led to Boston boycott of English luxuries

Increased tariff on sugar (and other imports), attempted to harder enforce existing tariffs

Taxes on all legal documents to support British troops, not approved by colonists through their representatives

Held in New York, agreed to not import British goods until Stamp Act was repealed

“no taxation without representation,” introduced by Patrick Henry

Prohibited colonies from issuing paper money, destabilized colonial economy

All English subjects are represented in Parliament, including those not allowed to vote

Group of Bostonians in opposition to the Stamp Act, sought to drive stamp distributors from the city

Organized and controlled resistance against Parliamentary acts in less violent ways (strength of martyrdom), advocated nonimportation

Allowed Parliament to completely legislate over the colonies, limited colonists’ say

British soldiers shot into crowd of snowball fight; two of nine soldiers (defended by John Adams) found guilty of manslaughter