Bio Honors

Are rod-shaped structures made of DNA & proteins

Proteins that help maintain the shape of the chromosome & aid in the tight packing of DNA

1/2 of a chromosome

Where the 2 cromatids of a chromosome attatch

A less tightly coiled DNA-protein complex

Chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism

The chromosomes that aren't sex chromosomes

2 copies of each autosome

A photomicrograph of the chromosomes in a normal dividing cell found in a human

Cells that have 2 sets of chromosomes

Cells that contain 1 set of chromosomes for ex: egg & sperm cells

The division of a prokaryotic cell into 2 offspring cells

A type of cell division that results in new cells with the genetic material that is identical to the genetic material of the original cell

The production of offspring from one parent

A type of cell division that results in the formation of gametes

Haploid reproductive cells

Time between cell divisions

The division of the cell's cytoplasm

• 1st phase of interphase:
• Offspring cells grow to mature size

• 2nd phase of interphase:
• Cell's DNA is copied

• 3rd phase of interphase:
• The time gap following DNA synthesis & proceeding cell division

• Exit of interphase:
• Cells don't copy DNA & don't prepare for cell division

• 1st stage of mitosis:
• shortening & tight coiling of copied DNA into rod-shaped chromosomes, the nucleolus & nuclear membrane break down & disappear

1 of the microtubles that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell; asists in the movement of chromosomes

• 2nd stage of mitosis:
• The chromosomes line up along the midling of the dividing cell

• 3rd stage of mitosis:
• The chromatidsof each chromosome begin moving toward opposite poles of the cells

• 4th stage of mitosis:
• A cleavage furrow is formed

The precursor of a new plant cell wall that forms during cell divisions & divides a cell into 2

Check to see if the cells were healthy & have grown to a suitable size

Check the results of DNA replication

Enters back into the cell cycle after this checkpoint