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Chromosomes
Are rod-shaped structures made of DNA & proteins
Histones
Proteins that help maintain the shape of the chromosome & aid in the tight packing of DNA
Chromatid
1/2 of a chromosome
Centromere
Where the 2 cromatids of a chromosome attatch
Chromatin
A less tightly coiled DNA-protein complex
Sex Chromosomes
Chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism
Autosomes
The chromosomes that aren't sex chromosomes
Homologous Chromosoms
2 copies of each autosome
Karyotype
A photomicrograph of the chromosomes in a normal dividing cell found in a human
Diploid
Cells that have 2 sets of chromosomes
Haploid
Cells that contain 1 set of chromosomes for ex: egg & sperm cells
Binary Fission
The division of a prokaryotic cell into 2 offspring cells
Mitosis
A type of cell division that results in new cells with the genetic material that is identical to the genetic material of the original cell
Asexual Reproduction
The production of offspring from one parent
Meiosis
A type of cell division that results in the formation of gametes
Gametes
Haploid reproductive cells
Interphase
Time between cell divisions
Cytokinesis
The division of the cell's cytoplasm
G1 Phase
1st phase of interphase:
Offspring cells grow to mature size
S Phase
2nd phase of interphase:
Cell's DNA is copied
G2 Phase
3rd phase of interphase:
The time gap following DNA synthesis & proceeding cell division
G0 Phase
Exit of interphase:
Cells don't copy DNA & don't prepare for cell division
Prophase
1st stage of mitosis:
shortening & tight coiling of copied DNA into rod-shaped chromosomes, the nucleolus & nuclear membrane break down & disappear
Spindle Fibers
1 of the microtubles that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell; asists in the movement of chromosomes
Metaphase
2nd stage of mitosis:
The chromosomes line up along the midling of the dividing cell
Anaphase
3rd stage of mitosis:
The chromatidsof each chromosome begin moving toward opposite poles of the cells
Telophase
4th stage of mitosis:
A cleavage furrow is formed
Cell Plate
The precursor of a new plant cell wall that forms during cell divisions & divides a cell into 2
Cell Growth (G1) Checkpoint
Check to see if the cells were healthy & have grown to a suitable size
DNA Synthesis (G2) Checkpoint
Check the results of DNA replication
Mitosis Checkpoint
Enters back into the cell cycle after this checkpoint
Author
hlakiyama
ID
1520
Card Set
Bio Honors
Description
Chp. 8
Updated
2009-11-24T02:08:49Z
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