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Cerebrum is composed of ...
- Cerebral cortex
- Limbic system
- Basal Ganglia
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Schizophrenia causes disruption in what lobe??
The Prefrontal Cortex
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What are the 3 diff cortexs of the Frontal Lobe?
- Primary Motor Cortex
- Premotor Cortex
- Somatic Association Cortex
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What does the Primary Motor Cortex Control??
- controls voluntary movements
- Nerves bundle goes to periphery of body in a pyramid –shaped bulge called the pyramidal tract.
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Premotor Cortex is responsible for what??
The cooridination of movement of multiple muscles
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What is the Somatic Association cortex responsible for
- judgment,
- prioritizing,
- choosing wisely,
- personality,
- executive functions,
- motor speech in left frontal lobe (Broca’s Area: usually located in left frontal lobe ).
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Parietal lobe is know as the what center
The processing Center
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What does the Parietal Lobe controls what and interprets what information??
- Control of perception and interpretation of sensory information
- touch
- pain
- taste
- body position
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What does the Temproal lobe do??
Hearing and receiving information via ears
short-term memory (esp. related to visual and auditory cues)
sense of smell
expression of emotions
- Wernicke’s area (works with Broca’s area to produce
- normal communication) : speech capacity-written and verbal speech
Complex visual perceptions
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What does the Occipital Lobe do??
visual reception and interpretation
(color recognition, recognition/naming objects, ability to track moving objects)
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Basal Ganglia is responsible for smooth integration of ..???
emotions, thoughts, and physical movement (both voluntary and involuntary)
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The Basal Ganglies extrapyramidal motor system is an important role in what???
motor responses
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What are the Limbic systems Structures??
- amygdala,
- thalamus,
- hypothalamus,
- hippocampus
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the Amygdala is located where??/
Temporal Lobe
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Amygdala is responsible for regulating what..??
Emotions
- fear,
- anxiety anger,
- aggression
- love,
- joy,
- hope,
- sexual arousal,
- social
- behavior, c
- omfort in social situations,
- sense of smell
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The Thalamus filters what??
filters incoming information from PNS to CNS to prevent cortex becoming overloaded.
All sensory information except smell.
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Hypothalamus is located
Deep in the brain
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The hypothalamus regulates
regulates sleep-rest patterns (circadian rhythms), body temperature, hunger, sex
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the Hippocampus is located
deep within the temporal lobe
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Hippocampus is responsible for
Learning and recent memory
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What disease has a damaged Hippocampus??
Alzheimers
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If a pt is having visual hallucinations what lobe is that??
Occipital
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Neurotransmitters have an important role in what
Human emotions and behaviors
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What are the Key Neurtransmitters
- Dopamine
- Serotonin
- Norepinephrine
- GABA
- Acetylcholine
- Histamine
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What diseases have a Decrease in Acetylcholine??
- Huntingtons Disease
- Parkinsons Disease
- Alzheimers Disease
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does Acetylcholine increase or decrease with muscle tightening???
Increase
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What are Acetylcholines functions
- sleep,
- arousal,
- pain perception,
- coordination of movement
- (voluntary muscles) and memory (CNS
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In depression the level of norepinephrine is ..??
level is Decreased
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In Mania the Norepinephrine level is
Increased
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In Anxiety States Norepinephrine level is
Increased
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What do SSRIs do to the levels in the brain??
The increase serotonin
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Serotonin plays a role in what??
- sleep,
- normal body temperature,
- mood, aggression
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In Anxiety states serotonin levels are
increased
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In depression serotonin levels are
Decreased
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Dopamine is localized in the ??
CNS
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the Functions of Dopamine are what
- regulationsof movements and coordination,
- emotion,
- voluntary decision-making
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What are the diseases when Dopamin is decreased??
Depression and Parkinsons Disease
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What diseases have a Increased level of Dopamine
Mania and Schizophrenia
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What is GABAs function
- slow down of body activity (inhibits firing of
- neurons).
- Brain’s principle inhibitory neurotransmitter
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In Huntington’s disease, GABA-producing neurons that
coordinate movement doing what
Degenerate causeing uncontrolable movements
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The Activity of GABA in increased by what drugs
benzodiazepines and anticonvulsant drugs
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If you have low levels of GABA you become more ..??
More Anxious
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If you have High levels of GABA you become
Less Anxious
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Histamine is involved in what
Involved in alertness
Inflammatory response
Stimulation of gastric secretions
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an Elevation in Histamine can cause
- Anxiety
- Drop in BP
- Increased gastric acid
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A decrease in Histamine can cause
- weight gain,
- sedation,
- depression,
- dry mouth
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What two Major transmitters are decreased in Depression and what is the third one
Serotonin and Norepinephrine
and Histamine
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What neurotransmitter is decreased in Anxiety disorders
GABA
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What neurotransmitter is decreased in Alziemers disease
Acetylcholine
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Does a CT show movement and structures??
It does not show movement just structures
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Does a CT show functioning
No
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What diesease can a CT show defects in ???
schizophrenia, alcoholism, multi-infarct dementia, Alzheimers
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what is an MRI
3d picture and much more pronounced than a CT
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what can an MRI detect??
Detects:
- Edema
- Ischemia
- Infection
- Neoplasia
- Trauma
- Enlarged ventricles
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Is there a dye used for MRIs or CTs
NO
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What must the pt do for an MRI
Enclosed structure – pt. must lie still
No pace-makers, screws (metallic objects) or for people who suffer from claustrophobia
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