-
T/F Communities and Ecosystems are the network of Life.
TRUE
-
Definition of Community
Biotic members in a natural area
-
T/F Biotic Means Living
True
-
Definition of Ecosystem-
Biotic and abiotic members and parts
-
Examples of Community
Plants and animals
-
Examples of Ecosystems abiotic members:
weather, water, mineral soil components, topography
-
T/F Ecosystems are comprised of communities
True
-
T/F Forest Ecosystem is comprised of the plants and animal communities
- TRUE- Soil microorganisms up to megaherbivors
- -single celled plants up to towering trees
-
Examples of abiotic parts of forest ecosystem:
drainages, weassther patterns, lakes and rivers, aspects of the land (slopes) and the terrain type
-
T/F- Ecosystems always stay the same
FALSE- they are dynamic and constantly changing
-
T/F- scale is not important in ecosystems
FALSE- scale is important
-
T/F Size is difficult to measure
True
-
T/F Boundaries are difficult to define
True
-
T/F Ecosystems are generally self-sustaining
TRUE
-
T/F Matter does not cycle in ecosystems
FALSE- matter cycles in ecosystems
-
T/F Energy powers matter cycling
TRUE
-
T/F- Matter occupies space and has mass
TRUE
-
Fact: MATTER IS THE ATOMS AND COMPOUNDS THAT MAKE UP UP PLANTS AND ANIMALS
TRUE
-
T/F- matter doesn't leave or enter a healthy ecosystem
TRUE- it does NOT leave or enter. Stays the same.
-
Define Engergy
the capacity to do work
-
T/F Gravity is the source of all past, present, and future energy on the Earth
FALSE- the SUN is the source
-
T/F- Energy is NOT cycled in an ecosystem, it is diminished as it moves matter around
TRUE
-
Matter and Energy in an Ecosystem
Carnivores ? %
Herbivores ?%
Plants ? %
- Carnivores 10 %
- Herbivores 20%
- Plants 70 %
-
What does tropic mean?
feeding
-
What does biomass mean:
living tissues
-
t/f: in general, more complexity equals more stability
TRUE: if one part of a complex web is removed it has less effect than if you remove one part of a simple web
-
T/F each plant and animal species has a unique role in an ecosystem
TRUE- this is called a NICHE
-
T/F- niche is comprised of one demensions
FALSE: it has many demensions
-
T/F number of dimensions is unknown
TRUE- niches are n-dimensional
-
T/F Species survive even if they don't complete and don't adapt to the environment
FALSE- they must compete and adapt
-
T/F Many species have the exact same niche
FALSE- no two species have exactly the same niche
-
T/F groups of spsecies with similar ranges of tolerance form communities
TRUE
-
t/f For any environmental dimension, a given species has a range of tolerance
TRUE
-
what happens below the life line on a range of tolerance scale?
the species die
-
Fact: Individual line of range of tolerance scale, the species live but no healthy populations
true
-
Fact: the population line on the range of tolerance is where the species thrive and form popoulations
TRUE
-
T/F: Ranges for dimensions can be wide and some can be narrow
TRUE
-
T/F a generalist is when all ranges of tolerance are wide
TRUE
example- coyotes and sagebrush
-
T/F a specialist is when all ranges of tolerane are narrow
TRUE
-
Management perspective on range of tolerance: what do they do?
they transplant and reintroduce species
-
Define ecological equivalents:
species differ between communities but have simiilar morphological (form) and physiological (function) adaptations
-
define succession:
the sequential process of change in ecosystems
-
Flow of succession:
pioneer communities>climax community>disturbance> back to pioneer communities
-
Pioneer communities have the following characteristics:
- First step following disurbance
- a turnover of species
- lots of opportunistic species
-
Climax communities are defined by:
- final step following disurbance
- turnover of individuals
- reaches dynamic equalibrium
-
Name the two types of succession
Primary and Secondary
-
Characteristics of Primary succession:
- majority of life is removed
- volcano, new island formed, mudslide
- rare
-
Characteristics of Secondary Succession
- remnants of previous community exist
- patchiness of fire
-
T/F Engergy can neither be created nor destroyed- it can only be transfered
TRUE
-
What are th emost common forms of energy?
Potential and connetic
-
T/F: Energy and matter are the same thing
TRUE
-
Einstein's Energy Equation
E=MC(squared)
-
How quickly energy is released is the definition of:
Power
-
where do we get all of our energy from?
Outerspace
-
T/F gravity changes energy
TRUE
-
Name three types of dangerous rays:
Gamma, x-rays, ultraviolet
-
Infra-red rays give us _____ energy
Heat
-
Green plants get energy from ________________
photosynthesis
-
define non-renewable energy:
energy is transferomed into a form that is no longer useful
-
T/F Earth's magnetic field deflects high energy particles
True
-
Which rays have the most energy?
Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays
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