health psych

diverse medical and health care systems, practices and products

CAM = alternative medicine + drugs

• inserting needles into specific points on the skin
• stimulate endorphins
• 47% relief from acupunture in study

• study done to see if made a difference where needle was placed.
• 44% relief from sham

• process of providing feedback information about the status of the biological systems
• two approaches: healers and research

neal e. miller

• reflects the activity of the skeletal muscles by measuring the electrical discharge in muscle fibers
• attaching eletrodes
• increase muscle tension- rehab
• decrease muscle tension - stress management

• incoming freshman who had high blood pressure
• systolic bp went down

• used to help cope with stress and pain based on skin temp
• -cold skin = stress and tension
• -warm skin = calm and relax

• placed into a hypnotic state
• divided consciouness
• answer questions

• limit fat -10% of diet
• vegetarian diet
• not aimed at wt loss
• beneficial for cardiovascular health

• relaxed
• enhanced awareness of perceptions
• control anxiety
• manage chronic disease and pain conditions

• breathing
• repeating mantra
• Benson - Harvard MD

help the patient overcome difficulties by identifying and changing dysfunctional thinking, behavior, and emotional responses

• formation of plaques and the resulting occurance of the arteries
• may restrict blood flow to brain

• loss of elasticity of the arteries
• cardiovascular system less capable of tolerating increases in cardiac blood volume
• may restrict blood flow to brain

• damage to the brain resulting from lack of oxygen to the brain
• death of neurons in the brain
• blood clots may form
• clots floating in the cardiovascular system

• medical term referring to heart attack
• disrupt heart beat
• signals : weakness, dizzy
• cant repair - scar tissue formed

• 1st number to measure blood pressure
• pressure generated by hearts contraction

• second number to measure bp
• pressure expereinced between contractions
• reflecting elasticity between contractions

• chronic elevation of bp which is from both genetics and enviromental causes
• related to aging
• other factors: being black, wt, tobacco use, sodium intake, lack of exercise

• leading cause of death worldwide
• inherent risk factors: aging, family history, gender, ethnic background

• education level
• income
• social support
• stress,anxiety, depression
• hostility and anger
• *Friedman and Rosenman

• hypertension
• serum cholestrol levels
• glucose metabolism
• inflammation

positively related to cardiovasuclar disease

• negatively related to cardiovascular disease
• offers some protection against CVD

• 1000 adults/then college students
• outcome : cynical hosiltity
• written test
• Dr. Jenkins and Dr. Glass (made it for students)

• type a behavior
• speed and impatience
• job involvement - study habits
• hard driving

Designed to measure Type a behavior

• *Friedman and Rosenman described people with hostile, competitive, concerned with #'s
• Early years: predictor of heart disease
• Later: no evidence

redford williams 1989

• especially harmful to cardiovascular health
• people who mistrust others, think the worst of humanity and who interact with cynical hositity
• appears as a factor on whether survival of heart attack can decrease life expectancy

• experience may not be a risk of anger
• expression may be a risk of anger

• prevent 1st heart attacks
• be aware of bp, reduce hypertension
• statin drugs

• altered cells
• remain localized
• harmless

• spread
• establish secondary colonies
• dangerous
• invade and destroy
• may metastsize

• spread through blood or lymph
• spread to other body sites

• carcinomas
• sarcomas
• leaukemias
• lymphomas

• cancer of epithelial cells
• line outer and inner surfaces of body
• ex. skin, mucus membranes, stomach lining

• cancer on the connective tissue
• ex. bone, muscle, cartilege

• cancer that orginates in the blood or blood-forming cells
• ex. stem cells or bone marrow

• carcinoma
• leukemia
• sarcomas

• cancer of lymphatic system
• rare type of cancer

• ethnic background
• aging
• genetics

• lung cancer
• leukemia
• women who smoke throughout adolescents = breast cancer
• largest risk for cancer mortality wordwide

• two compounds combined = greater risk
• smoking +
• pollution
• occupation
• ethnic background

cross sectional (follow and see what disease comes) vs retrospective (look at past see what caused it)

• shelbelle (1981)
• tested 2000+ men
• ages 40-55
• 379 depresssed
• 2x as many depressed than not

branch of medicine that deals with tumors, including study of their development, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

• degenertative disease of the brain
• plaques and tangles of nerve fibers in cerebral cortex and hippocampus
• biggest risk factor: age

• genetics
• head injury
• type 2 diabetes
• stroke
• most common psychiatric problem : depression

• islet cells
• glucagon
• insulin

decreases level of glucose in the blood by causing tissue cell membranes to open so glucose can enter cells more freely

• insulin dependent
• autoimmune
• before age 30

• noninsulin
• defect in cell prevent absorbtion of glucose
• diet management

chronic inflammatory disease that causes contriction of bronchial tubes preventing air to pass freely

• is a result of to much cleaning in everyday modern society
• other risk factors: sedentary and obesity

• symptoms that develop over a 10 year period
• transmission: needles, sex, birth,

• disorder in which the immune system losses its effectiveness leaving body defenseless against bacteria and viruses
• result of HIV

tx of combination of pills that are taken on a strict schedule