Endocrinology

Which of the following is released from the posterior pituitary gland?
A. growth hormone
B. antidiuretic hormone
C. prolactin
D. thyroid stim hormone
E. follicle stimulating hormone

Pituitary hypersecretion in adulthood will result in this disease:

A. myxedema
B. acromegaly
C. diabetes mellitus
D. gigantism
E. diabetes insipidus

Glucocorticoids are
secreted by the adrenal medulla under the influence of ACTH

True or False
True False

The heart secretes a
hormone.

True or False
True False

Steroid hormones bind to
plasma membrane receptors and act through second messenger systems.

True or False
True False

Cells that have a receptor
for a specific hormone are called target cells.

True or False
True False

Compared to the nervous system, which of the following is not characteristic of the endocrine system?

A. produces a longer lasting response to a stimulus
B. communicates with electrical signals
C. reacts slowly to a stimulus
D. adapts quickly to a continual stimulus

The pituitary gland is also called the hypothalamus.

True or False
True False

The hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract is composed of axons of hypothalamic neurons that end in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

True or False
True False

Driving in congested traffic may cause release of which of these pituitary hormones?
A. ADH
B. TSH
C. GH
D. ACTH

Which of the following pituitary hormones stimulates the testes to secrete testosterone?
A. FSH
B. LH
C. GH
D. TSH

Which gland is associated with serotonin and melatonin production?
A. thyroid
B. thymus
C. adrenal
D. Pineal

Which gland secretes calcitonin and a hormone that stimulates ATP production?
A. adrenal gland
B. pineal gland
C. thymus
D. thyroid gland

Hyperparathyroidism causes which of the following?
A. bone resorption and renal calculi
B. decr blood calcium and muscle tetany
C. exophthalmos
D. endemic goiter

Corticosteroids are produced in the adrenal medulla.

True or False
True False

Estradiol is produced by which of the following?
A. islet cells of the pancreas
B. granulosa cells of the ovary
C. sustentacular cells of the testes
D. interstitialcells of Leydig in the testes

Which of the following organs have hormone-secreting cells?
A. Kidney
B. heart
C. stomach and small intestine
D. all of the above

Hydrophilic hormones require a transport protein to travel in blood.

True or False
True False

Target cells can change the number of receptors for a hormone.
True or False
True False

The stress response includes all of the following except the
A. exhaustion stage.
B. alarm reaction.
C. resistance stage.
D. delay stage.

Chemical messengers that
don't travel in blood but simply diffuse into and affect nearby cells are called ________ secretions.
A. paracrine
B. exocrine
C. Endocrine
D. holocrine

This hormone, synthesized in the hypothalamus but stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary, is produced when osmodetectors sense a rise in blood osmolarity:

A. thyroid-stimulatingm hormone
B. growth hormone
C. thyroxine
D. antidiuretic hormone
E. prolactin

A lack of antidiuretichormone will lead to:
A. dwarfism
B. endemic goiter
C. diabetes insipidus
D. diabetes mellitus
E. Acromegaly

Too little iodine intake will lead to:
A. seasonal affective disorder
B. endemic goiter
C. diabetes insipidus
D. Addison disease
E. pituitary giantism

Which of the following hormones will cause a fall in blood glucose concentrations?
A. epinephrine
B. melatonin
C. parathyroid hormone
D. insulin
E. glucagon

Which is true of type I diabetes mellitus?
A. never causes blindness
B. make cardiovascular problems less likely
C. usually appears first when a person is older
D. can often be controlled by diet and exercise alone
E. due to an autoimmune response

This hormone raises blood calcium levels:
A. aldosterone
B. calcitonin
C. Glucagon
D. parathyroid hormone
E. angiotensin I

Aspirin will specifically block the synthesis of this type of local hormone:
A. melatonin
B. serotonin
C. hydrocortisone
D. Prostaglandin
E. arachidonic acid

Choose the statement about steroid hormones that is incorrect.
A. Steroids pass through target cell membranes & interact with receptors in the nucleus.
B. Steroids are lipids with complex ring structures.
C. Steroids employ first and second messengers that amplify the cellular response.
D. The estrogens and testosterone are examples of steroid hormones.

Prostaglandins are substances that regulate neighboring cells.
A. paracrine
B. eccrine
C. glycoprotein
D. Endocrine

Cyclic AMP functions asa(n) for hormones.
A. activity site; G protein
B. binding site; nonsteroid
C. second messenger; nonsteroid
D. membrane receptor; steroid

Where are the posterior pituitary hormones manufactured?
A. in the brain stem
B. in the anterior pituitary
C. in the posterior pituitary
D. in neurosecretory cells that originate in the hypothalamus

There are several types of cells in the anterior pituitary. Which ones secrete growth hormone?
A. corticotropes
B. Mammatropes
C. gonadotropes
D. somatotropes

Drinking alcoholic
beverages on hot days is not safe because alcohol inhibits the release of which normally helps to conserve water during dehydration.
A. oxytocin
B. thyroxine
C. triiodothyronine
D. antidiuretic hormone

The hormone , which is secreted by the adrenal , causes the kidney to conserve sodium and excrete potassium ions and indirectly helps to maintain systemic blood pressure.
A. aldosterone; cortex
B. angiotensin I; medulla
C. epinephrine;
D. cortisol; cortex
medulla

Sex hormones are secreted by .
A. the inner cortex of the adrenal gland
B. the inner cortex of the adrenal gland and the gonads
C. all endocrine tissues of the body
D. the gonads

In the pancreas, cells secrete insulin, which blood levels of glucose.
A. beta; lowers
B. beta; raises
C. delta; raises
D. alpha; lowers

The endocrine gland responsible for the body's circadian rhythm is the gland.
A. Thymus
B. pineal
C. pituitary
D. parathyroid

Which of these is not an endocrine property?
A. hormones reach targets through the blood
B. rapid acting effects
C. effects caused by chemicals
D. effects are slow and cyclic

Which of these does not belong with the others?
A. Protein
B. peptide
C. amino acid
D. steroid

In the "second messenger" theory, which is the first messenger?
A. enzyme
B. cAMP
C. receptor
D. hormone

Which of these hormones is made by the posterior pituitary?
A. ADH
B. LH
C. ACTH
D. FSH

Which hormone directly affects blood pressure?
A. ACTH
B. PTH
C. Insulin
D. ADH

The hormone causes the contractions of labor.
A. Prolactin
B. progesterone
C. oxytocin
D. estrogen

Which hormone has the greatest influence on the ability to secrete milk?
A. estrogen
B. prolactin
C. Oxytocin
D. progesterone

List three metabolic processes that are regulated by hormones.

What is the mode of action by which a steroid hormone affects its target cell function?

Nonsteroid hormones require a in the cell membrane which initiates a reaction that is mediated through a .

Hormone secretion is controlled ******** largely by systems.

What are the three main results of glucocorticoid secretion?