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What is the inner lining of the GI tract that is a mucous membrane? What layers is it made of?
Mucosa. Epithelium, Lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae.
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What is the epithelium? Where is it found?
- Layer of Mucosa. TYPE VARIES!
- Found in the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and anal canal.
- Stratified squamous epithelium that serves as a protective function.
- Columar epithelium functions in secretion and abs, lines the stomach and the intestines.
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What is the lamina propria?
- Layer of mucosa.
- Areolar connective tissue containing many blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.
- Malt-mucus associated lymphatic tissue.
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What is the muscularis mucosae?
- Layer of mucosa
- smooth muscle
- creates folds that generate more surface area to increase digestion and abs
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What is the submucosa?
- Consists of alveolar connective tissue
- Blood and lymphatic vessels
- Neurons - suubmucosal plexus
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What is the muscularis?
- Skeletal and smooth muscle
- Neurons - myenteric plexus (between layers of the muscularis)
- Voluntary swallowing
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What is the Serosa?
- Areolar 7 simple squamos epithelium
- Viseral peritoneum
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What is peritoneum?
- Parietal peritoneum
- Viseral peritoneum
- Peritoneal cavity
- Retroperitoneal
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What are the folds of the peritoneum?
- Greater Omentum (adipose tissue)
- Falciform Ligament (liver to the anterior abd wall)
- Lessor Omentum
- Mesentary (small intestine to posterior abd wall)
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What regulates the neural innervation of the GI tract?
- "brain of the gut"
- Autonomic nervous system
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What is the role of the ENS in the parasympathetic and the sympathetic?
- They are like to the CNS by the extrinsic sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.
- Sympathetic nerves decrease GI secretions & motility.
- parasympathetic nerves increase GI secretions & motility
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What makes of the Enteric division?
- Myenteric plexus
- submucosal plexus
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What is the function of the salivary glands?
Rlease saliva to oral cavity
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What are the three pairs of the salivary glands?
- Parotid
- Submandibular
- Sublingual
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What is the composition of saliva?
- 95% water
- 0.5% other (ions, mucus, enzymes, immunoglobulins)
- Salivary Amylase = starches
- Salivary Lipase
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What controls/stimulates salvation?
It is controlled by the ANS and stimulated by various mechanisms
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What are the four main digestive system functions?
- Ingestion
- Digestion
- Abs
- Excretion
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What is deglutition?
The movement of food from the mouth inot the stomach is achieved by the act of swallowing
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What are the three stages of deglutition?
- Stages of swallowing
- Pharyngeal
- Esophageal
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What happens during "stages of swallowing" in deglutition?
- Voluntary
- mouth to oropharyx
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What happens during the Pharyngeal stage of deglutition?
- Deglutition center
- closing of the epiglottis
- involuntary
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What happens during the esophageal phase?
Involuntary peristatic concentrations
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What is the function of the stomach?
Serves as mixing chamber & storage area for intested food
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What increases volume in to stomach?
Rugae allows for increased volume
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What are four main groups of the stomach?
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What structures are found in the region of the stomach that connects to the duodenum?
- The pylorus
- The pyloric antrum connects to the body of the stomach
- The pyloric canal leads to the duodenum
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