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In the _____-_____ model of classical conditioning, conditioning is viewed as a process of directly attaching a reflex response to a new stimulus.
Stimulus-Response
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In the ____-____ model of classical conditioning, conditioning involves establishing a direct connection between an NS and a US.to
stimulus-stimulus
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According to ____-____ theory, the CS acts as a substitute for the US.
stimulus-substitution
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According to _____-_____ theory, the purpose of the CR is to prepare the organism for the occurrence of the US.
preparatory-response theory
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According to ____-____ theory, the CR and UR should always be the same or at least highly similar. As it turns out, this is (true/false).
- stimulus-substitution
- false
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According to the ____-____ model of drug conditioning, a CS that has been associated with (a drug/primary response to a drug) will eventually come to elicit a c_____ reaction. Another way of looking at it is that the CS has become associated with the (a-process/b-process) and therefore eventually comes to elicit the (a-process/b-process).
- compensatory-response
- primary response to a drug
- compensatory
- a-process
- b-process
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According to the compensatory-response model of drug addiction, symptoms of withdrawal are likely to be (stronger/weaker) in the presence of drug-related cues. This is because the drug-related cues tend to elicit (primary/compensatory) responses to the drug that are experienced as cravings.
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A phobia is an extreme, irrational fear reaction to a particular event. From a classical conditioning perspective, it seems to represent a process of over-______.
generalization
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Aversion therapy
A form of behavior therapy that attempts to reduce the attractiveness of a desired event by associating it with an aversive stimulus.
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Compensatory-Response Model
A model of conditioning in which a CS that has been repeatedly associated with the primary response (a-process) to a US will eventually come to elicit a compensatory response (b-process).
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Counterconditioning
The procedure whereby a CS that elicits one type of response is associated with an event that elicits an incompatible response.
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Flooding therapy
A behavioral treatment for phobias that involves prolonged exposure to a feared stimulus, thereby providing maximal opportunity for the conditioned fear response to be extinguished.
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Incubation
The strengthening of a conditioned fear response as a result of brief exposures to the aversive CS.
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Overexpectation effect
The decrease in the conditioned response that occurs when 2 seperately conditioned CSs are combined into a compound stimulus for further pairings with the US.
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preparatory-response theory
A theory of classical conditioning that proposes that the purpose of the CR is to prepare the organism for the presentation of the US.
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Selective sensitization
An increase in one's reactivity to a potentially fearful stimulus following exposure to an unrelated stressful event.
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S-R model
As applied to classical conditioning, this model assumes that the NS becomes directly associated with the UR and therefore comes to elicit the same response as the UR.
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S-S model
A model of classical conditioning that assumes that the NS becomes directly associated with the US, and therefore comes to elicit a response that is related to that US.
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stimulus-substitution theory
A theory of classical conditioning that proposes that the CS acts as a substitute for the US.
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systematic desensitization
A behavioral treatment for phobias that involves pairing relaxation with a succession of stimuli that elicit increasing levels of fear.
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Temperament
An individual's base level of emotionality and reactivity to stimulation that, to a large extent, is genetically determined.
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