Anatomy Old Exam

The vocal folds are located in the:
A) Trachea
B) Nasopharynx
C) Carina
D) larynx

Increasing the tension on the vocal folds causes an increase in:
A) Phonation
B) Volume
C) Articulation
D) Pitch

The respiratory membrane consists primarily of:
A) Surfactant cells
B) cuboidal epithelium
C) ciliated epithelium
D) Simple squamous epithelium

Boyle's law states that gas volume is:
A) directly proportional to temperature
B) inversely proportional to temperature
C) inversely proportional to pressure
D) directly proportional to pressure

Dalton's law states that:
A) gas volum and temperature are directly proportional
B) the volume of a gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and pressure
C) in a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures
D) none of these

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is:
A) dissolved in the plasma
B) hound to heme in hemoglobin
C) all of these
D) bound to globin in hemoglobin

Carbon dioxide is transported by the blood:
A) all of these
B) bound to the globin in hemoglobin
C) in the form of bicarbonate
D) dissolved in the plasma

The most important regulator of breathing rate is:
A) oxygen
B) carbon dioxide
C) pH
D) temperature

If you inhale as deeply as possible and then exhale as much as possible, this volume of air is called:
A) vital capacity
B) inpiratory reserve volume
C) tidal volume
D) espiratory reserve volume

Decreasing the pH of the blood will cause oxygen binding to hemoglobin to:
A) increase
B) decrease
C) not change

Decreasing the temperature of the blood will cause oxygen binding to hemoglobin to:
A) increase
B) not change
C) decrease

Surfactant:
A) decreases compliance
B) all of these
C) decreases surface tension
D) is decreased in a reactive airway disease (asthma)

Which is an accessory organ of digestion?
A) pancreas
B) stomach
C) spleen
D) appendix

The myenteric plexus is:
A) a network of neurons
B) a layer of circular smooth muscle
C) a layer of longitundinal smooth muscle
D) a layer of goblet cells

The activities of the digestive tract are regulated by
A) the autonomic nervous system
B) all of these
C) hormones
D) contents of the GI tract

Parietal calls secrete:
A) pepsinogen
B) all of these
C) gastrin
D) HCL

Bile is:
A) all of these
B) a hormone
C) an enzyme
D) an emulsifier

An intestinal hormone the stimulates the release of pancreatic bicarbonate is:
A) enterocrinin
B) gastrin
C) cholecystokinin
D) secretin

Enterokinase:
A) acts in the jejunum
B) activates pepsinogen
C) is a brush border enzyme
D) all of these

Hepatic blood supply comes:
A) mostly through the hepatic duct
B) mostly from the hepatic portal vein
C) mostly from the hepatic arter
D) 1/2 from the hepatic artery, 1/2 from the hepatic portal vein

Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) is secreted when:
A) all of these
B) when intestinal pH drops below 7
C) at the smell, sigh, taste of food
D) fats and carbs enter the SI

The role of the large intestine includes:
A) absorption of vitamins produced by bacteria
B) reabsorption of water
C) reabsorption of bile salts
D) all of these

Brush border enzymes include:
A) amylase
B) carboxypeptidase
C) lactase
D) lipase

Which of the following is secreted in an inactive form?
A) amylase
B) lipase
C) all of these
D) pepsin

Plicae and intestinal villi:
A) increase the surface area of the mucosa
B) carry the products of digestion that will not pass through the intestinal wall
C) secrete digestive enzymes
D) produce hormones

Glycolysis:
A) occurs in the outer membrane of the mitochondria
B) divides glucose into 2 pyruvic acid 3 carbon molecules
C) all of these
D) requires oxygen

Oxidative phosphorylation:
A) produces 90% of the ATP in the body
B) occurs in the mitochondria
C) all of these
D) require oxygen and coenzymes

The final electron acceptor of oxidative phosphorylation is:
A) hydrogen
B) NAD
C) cytochrome C
D) oxygen

The following can be used as substrates in the TCA cycle:
A) amino acids
B) carbs
C) fatty acids
D) all of these

NADH and FADH2:
A) contain vitamins
B) transfer electrons to the electron transport system
C) carry hydrogen ions to donate oxygen
D) all of these

Proteins are not a good choice for catabolism because:
A) it is difficult to break down proteins
B) catabolism of amino acids produce ammonia
C) they are structural components of cells
D) all of these

Which of the following tissues is dependent on glucose for metabolism?
A) cardiac tissue
B) skeletal muscle
C) nervous tissue
D) all of these

The postabsorptive state is:
A) lasts a few hours
B) all of these
C) the period when nutrient absorption is under way
D) when the body relies on internal energy reserves for engery demands

The vitamin that requires intrinsic factor for absorption is vitamin:
A) A
B) B12
C) K
D) all of these

Infants rely on ____ to maintain body temperature.
A) shivering thermogenesis
B) brown fat
C) ketones
D) all of these

Fatty acids are broken down by the process of:
A) lipogenesis
B) beta-oxidation
C) transamination
D) all of these

Complete proteins contain:
A) all the nutrients in the food pyramid
B) all the amino acids in the appropriate proportions
C) adequate amounts of essential amino acids
D) all the nitrogen compounds needed by the body

Lipoproteins manufactured in the liver are called:
A) high density lipoproteins (HDLs)
B) chylomicrons
C) low density lipoproteins (LDLs)
D) micelles

Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the:
A) muscularis
B) submucosa
C) mucosa
D) serosa

Secretion of gastric acid depends on the presence of:
A) chyme
B) all of these
C) secretin
D) carbonic anhydrase

Gastric activity is increased by the presence of:
A) all of these
B) gastric inhibitory peptide
C) gastrin
D) sympathetic nervous system

The carbon dioxide of respiration is created during:
A) the electron transport system
B) glycolysis
C) the TCA cycle
D) all of these

Anatomic dead spave is:
A) space outside of the alveoli
B) the volume of air remaining in conducting passages
C) the pleural space
D) air left in the alveoli

The force allowin air to enter the lungs during inspiration is:
A) atmostpheric pressure
B) compliance
C) the diaphragm
D) elastic recoil

The force allowing air to leave the lungs during expiration is:
A) elastic recoil
B) abdominal muscles
C) atmospheric pressure
D) compliance

The large intestine produces:
A) biotin
B) pantothenic acid
C) all of these
D) vitamin K

Starches are broken down by:
A) all of these
B) nucleases
C) amylases
D) lactase

Lipid digestion takes place in the:
A) stomach only
B) intestine only
C) mouth only
D) mouth and intestine

Anticipation of eating food causes an increase in secretion of gastric juice. This phase of gastric secretion is called the ____ phase.
A) pancreatic
B) intestinal
C) cephalic
D) gastric

Carbohydrates are absorbed into the blood stream as
(a) disaccharides
(b) monosaccharides
(c) oligosaccharides
(d) polysaccharides

Cholesterol
(A) can be manufactured by most tissues
(B) must be obtained from plants
(C) has no constructive function in the body.
(D) is a hormone.

12. One difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration is that
(A) anaerobic respiration utilizes the citric acid cycle but aerobic respiration does not
(B) aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration.
(C) aerobic respiration does not require oxygen.
(D) anaerobic respiration takes place inside cells while aerobic respiration takes place in the plasma.

Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is false?
(A) Carbon dioxide isproduced at several steps in the cycle.
(B) The major end product of the cycle islactic acid
(C) The process occurs in the mitochondria.
(D) At several steps, NADH molecules are formed

Beta oxidation results in the formation of
(a) pyruvate
(b) acetyl CoA.
(c) carbon monoxide
(d) oxaloacetate

The events that occur in the postabsorptive state collectively
(A) assure adequate lipogenesis.
(B) maintain blood glucose levels.
(C) decrease fat metabolism.
(D) interconvert proteins to fats.

Fatty acids are rebuilt into triglycerides and transported into the lacteal as
(A) chylomicrons
(B) high density lipoproteins
(C) micelles
(D) low densitylipoproteins.

Which of the following is secreted in an inactive form?
(A) all of these.
(B) pepsin
(C) lipase
(D) amylase

An increase in blood CO2 levels is followed by__ in H+ ions and __ in blood pH.
(A) increase, decrease
(B) decrease, decrease
(C) increase, increase
(D) decrease, increase

Stimulates gastric acid release
(A) secretin
(B) gastrin
(C) cholecytokinin

Stimulates the release of bile
(A) secretin
(B) gastrin
(C) cholecytokinin

Stimulates the release of trypsin
(A) secretin
(B) gastrin
(C) cholecytokinin

Stimulates the release of bicarbonate
(A) gastrin
(B) cholecytokinin
(C) secretin