RM2

Does it measure what it’s supposed to measure?

Consistency and reproducibility

Measurement involves observations in qualitatively different categories

Data according to size

Measurement data same distance apart

Nonrandom sampling technique when subgroups from each group are chosen

Process of sampling in which groups of interest are identified and participants selected at random from the groups

Picking population that’s easy or available

Independent variable resembling true IV but created on basis of pre-existing characteristics of participant

True IV changed by the experimenter

Variable used to create groups to be measured, but participants are assigned based on their characteristics rather than researchers’ system

Research project resembling experiment that compares groups but no random or systematic assignment (assignment based on participant characteristics)

Resembles experiment but uses existing grouped data that didn’t involve random assignment

Variable whose different values are based on qualitative rather than numeric differences

Variable whose differences are based on numerical differences like size or duration

Design in which a single participant is observed & measured on more than one level of independent variable rather than individuals on each level of individual variable

Family of statistical tests that compares group means to assess whether differences across means are reliable

When you know in advance which groups you’re going to compare

When you compare groups after looking at results

Research design when investigator manipulates more than one variable, each level crossed with each level of all other IVs

In factorial design, differences among groups for single IV that are significant, temporarily ignoring all other IVs

In a factorial design, differences across groups of a single IV that are predictable only by knowing the level of another IV

Interaction in factorial design that involves joint effect of more than 2 IVs

Repeated measures – collecting data from same people more than once

Test participants in different groups to see if there are differences between groups

The result of multiple or repeated measurements of individuals in different experiment conditions such that they behave differently on later measurements as a result of having undergone the earlier measurements

The result of multiple or repeated measurements of individuals in different experimental conditions such that a particular behavior changed depending on which condition it follows

A change in behavior in a repeated measures design that results from learning that takes place in an earlier condition

A change in behavior in a repeated measures design that results from learning in an earlier condition, with the same degree of change in later behaviors, regardless of the order of conditions

A change in behavior in a repeated measures design that results from learning in an earlier condition, with differences in the amount of transfer in a later condition depending on which conditions occur first

In a repeated measures design, the changing of the order of conditions to avoid contamination of data

In a repeated measures design, the use of all possible orders of experimental conditions to avoid contamination of data because of systematic sequence

In a repeated measures design the use of a subset of all possible orders of experimental conditions to avoid contamination of data because of systematic sequence, order, or transfer effects

Participants categorized or selected for research participation on basis of initial observation that involves significant measurement error that is not likely to repeat itself on later measurements, giving the false impression that change is due to a treatment when it is really due to the difference in measurement error.

Participants dropping out

Short or long term changes in participant

Groups seem to differ – could be due to initial differences rather than the IV

Participants’ previous tests changes their behavior

A quasi-experimental research design in which 2 groups differ on pre-existing dimension measured on a pre-test, exposed to treatment, and measured on a posttest

An individual from a hidden population is likely to know others in the group

Investigators are trained to record human or nonhuman behavior exactly as it occurs, avoiding interpretation

Differences across age groups having to do with characteristics of the era in which the person grew up rather than age specifically

Longitudinal research in which investigator samples randomly from population because of specific characteristic, often age

Longitudinal research in which investigator studies the same individuals over time

Investigator observes baseline, applies treatment, watches change, and then removes or withdraws treatment and observes