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Promoting optimal G&D for preschool age
- Preparation for most significant lifestyle change-going to school
- Experience brief an dprolonged separation
- Use language for mental symbolization
- Increased attention span and memory
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Groos motor pre-school
- Walking
- Running
- Climbing
- Jumping
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Fine motor pre-school
- Refinement in eye-hand and muscle coordination
- Drawing
- Artwork
- Skillful manipulation
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Coping with concerns pre-school
- Preschool and kindergartn
- --developmental screening tool to assess readiness for school
- --importance of infection control in school setting
- --intro of child to school
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Sex education for preschool
- Find out what children know and think
- Be honest
- Avoid "over-answering" question
- Sexual exploration/sexual curiosity
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Fears of pre-school
- Dark
- Being left alone
- Animals
- Ghosts
- Sexual matters
- Objects or people associated with pain
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Stress for pre-school
- Minimum amounts of stress can be beneficial
- Parental awareness of signs of stess in child's life
- Prevention of stress
- Schedule adequate rest
- Prepare child for upcoming changes to maximize coping strategies
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Aaggession for pre-school
- Behavior that attempts to hurt person or destroy propertymay be influenced by bilogic, sociocultural, and familiar variables
- Factors that increase aggressive behavior: gender, frustration, modeling, and reinforcement
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Speech problems pre-school
- Stuttering
- Stammering
- Dysfluency
- Denver articulation screening examination as tool for assessing speech problems
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Nutrition for pre-school
- 90kcal/kg
- 100ml/kg, depending on activity and climate
- Food fads, strong tastes common
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Sleep and activity for pre-school
- 12hrs of sleep per night, infrequent naps
- Free play encouraged
- Emphasis on fun and safety
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Sleep problems pre-school
- Thorough assessment of sleep problems
- Nightmare
- Sleep terrors
- Encourage consistent bedtime routine
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Dental health pre-school
- eruption of decidous teeth is complete
- Professional care and prophylaxis
- Fluoride supplements
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Injury prevention pre-school
- Safety education
- Pedestrian motor vehicle accidents increase
- Development of long-term safety behaviors---bike helmets
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Anticipatory guidance preschool
- Child care focus shifts from protection to education
- Children begin questioning previou teachings of parents
- Children being to prefer companionship of peers
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Communicable disease in pre-school
- Incidence has declined with increase of immunizations
- Complications decreased with use of antibiotics and antitoxins
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Nurses important to assess
- Recent exposure to infectious agents
- Prodromal symptoms
- Immunizations history
- History of having disease
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Prevent spread of disease pre-school
- Preimary prevention of disease
- --immunization
- Control spread of disease to othhers
- --reduse risk of cross transmission of organism
- --infection control policies
- --handwashing
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children with immunodeficiency
- Receiving steroid therapy
- Other immunosuppressive therapies
- Generalized malignancies
- Immunologic disorder
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Promoting optimal g&D school age
- Physiologically begins with shedding of first deciduous teeth; ends at puberty with acquisition of final permanent teeth
- Gradual growth and development
- Progree with physical and emotional maturity
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Coping concerns--school experience
- Second only to the family socializing agent
- Transmission of values of society
- Peer relationships become increasingly important
- Teachers
- Parents
- Latchkey children
- Limit setting and discipline
- Dishonest behavior
- Stress and fear
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Nutrition school age
- Importance of balanced diet to promote growth
- Quality of diet related to familys pattern of eating
- Fast-ffod concerns
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Sleep and rest school age
- Average 9.5hrs/night-individualized
- May resist going to bed at ages 8-11
- 12yrs and up generally less resistand to bedtimes
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Sports school age
- Controversy regarding early participation in competitive sports
- Concerns with pphysical and emotional maturity on competitive environment
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Dental health school age
- Eruption of permanent teeth
- Good dental hygiene
- Prevention of dental caries
- Periodontal disease
- Maloccluion
- Dental injury
- Dental avulsion-replacement/reattachmen
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Sex education school age
- Sex play as part of normal curiosity during preadolescence
- Middle childhood is ideal time for formal sex education
- --lifespan approach
- --information on sexual maturity and process of reporduction
- --effective communication with parents
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Nurses role in sex educcation
- Treat sex as normal part of g&D
- Questions and answers
- Diffrentiation between sex and sexuality
- Values, problem solving skills
- Open for communication with parents
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Injury prevention school age
- Most common cause of severe injury and death in school age children is motor vehicle crashes - pedestrian and passenger
- Bicycle injuries - benefits of bike helmets
- Appropriate safety equipement for all sports
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Anticipatory guidace school age
- Parents adjust to child increasing independence
- Parents provide support as unobtrusively as possible
- Child moves from narrow family relationships to broader world of relationships
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School phobia
- Extreme reluctance to attend school for a sustained period of time as a result of severe anxiety or fear of school related experiences
- Also called "school refusal" and "school avoidance"
- Most common older than 10
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Symptoms school phobia
- Physical symptoms--leg or stomach pain, loss appetite, low grade fever, headache
- Symptoms subside after staying at home
- No symptoms on weekends, holidays, etc
- *get child back to school asap*
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Childhood depression
- Temporary: acute depression precipitated by a traumatic event
- Chronic: may accompany chronic illness or diability; familial circumstances
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Adolescent age
12-18/20 y/o
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Promoting optimum g&D adolescence
- Transition between childhood and adulthood
- Rapid physical, cognitive, social, and emotional maturation
- Generally defined as beginning with onset of puberty and ending with cessation of body growth at 18-20yrs
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Promote health in adolescence
- Immunization
- Nutrition
- Eating habits
- Sleep and rest
- Exercise
- Dental health
- Personal care
- Vision, hearing
- Posture
- Body art
- Tanning
- Stress reduction
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Sexuality education and guidance adolescence
- Media influences
- Knowledge often inaccurate
- Need for factual information, presentation based on developmental maturity
- Sexual aspects of interpersonal relationships become important
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Injury prevention adolescence
- Vehicle related injuries
- Nonautomotive vehicle injuries
- Firearms
- Nonpowder firearms
- Sports injuries
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Anticipatory guidance adolescence
- Parents need for support and guidance
- Information needs regarding developmental changes and process of gaining independence
- Special health problems
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