SOC 101: Exam 3

• We conform to group in ambiguous conditions
• Effect of group consensus carry over to behavior outside of the group
• Unconscious process

• Change in behavior due to the real or imagined influence of other people.
• Group behavior; social behavior

Naive subjects conform to confederates' even when they know answer is wrong

Humans influenced by evil and show deviant behavior

• Criminals are a throwback to pre-evolutionary man
• Measured physical characteristics of criminals vs. noncriminals
• Deviance related to physical and biological characteristics

Evil in and of themselves

Action bad only b/c they were prohibited by laws and norms

One that violates social norm; it is a social contruction (not mala in se)

• Varies in seriousness
• Varies across groups
• Varies across time
• Varies between subcultures

• Anomie
• Egoism
• Altruism
• Fatalism

• Lack of regulation
• Normlessness

• Too little integration of people into society
• Everything depends on you

• Too much integration
• Take one for the team

Too much regulation

• Anomie occurs when there is a strain b/w goals & means
• Anomie built into structure of society

• Personal harm & injury
• Social and financial costs
• Social disruptions

• Clarifies and affirms norms
• Promotes social unity
• Promots social change

• Conformity (+/+)
• Innovation (+/-)
• Ritualism (-/+)
• Retreatism (-/-)
• Rebellion (±/±)

• Deviance as a learned behavior
• Learning the technique
• Learning to perceive effects
• Learning to enjoy

• Who commits deviant act can be more important than act itself
• Labeling is powerful and can becoming self-fulfilling

Initial deviance

Subsequent acts of deviance following primary deviance to defend oneself from the problems created by the primary deviance.

• Stigma of negative social labels can spoil person's identity.
• Stigma is any attribute that discredits a person from full social acceptance

System that ppl rank & evaluate each other as superior or inferior and unequally reward one another.

• Rank determined by birth
• Based on ascribed characteristics
• India

• Rank determined by birth
• Feudal system
• Impersonal contact between estates

• People work their way up ranks
• Achieved characteristics
• (in theory at least)

• Social clas is a category of ppl who occupy similar position in relation to the means of production
• Bourgeoisie vs Proletariat
• Exploitation

Own means of production

• Working class
• Sell labor

• 3D of stratification: wealth, power and prestige
• Life chances - social class had to do w/ one's ability to get what one wants in the market

• Relationship b/w means of production and level of social stratification is parabolic
• Hunting to agrarian to industrial => very equal to very unequal to a little below very unequal

Authority = legitimate power that is justified

• Degree of social honor
• Based on occupation

Combination of wealth, power and prestige according to Weber

• Type of slavery where slaves are treated as property of their masters like cattle
• PreCivil War south
• Ascribed status

• Horizontal vs Vertical - occupation vs class
• Inter- vs intra-generational - occurs across gen vs occurs within life time

Greater intragenerational mobility, degree of mobility

Marriage outside stratum vs. marriage within stratum

• Stratification system is a function for U. S. society
• 1) functional importance of positions
• 2) Limited talent pool
• 3) Need to sacrifice
• 4) Need for differential rewards and incentives

Rich gets richer, poor gets poorer

• Based on two assumptions:
• 1) People pass on different values and beliefs
• 2) Poorer people's values and beliefs not compatible with success in society

Limited access to opportunities holds people back

People are poor b/c they don't work hard

• Some people's dollars cost more and buy less
• College for ex, for some people, it pays to go but for others, not so much or not as much

• Judgement of some thing on the basis of prior experience with similar things
• Attitude/beliefs

• Oversimplified generalized images about members of a particular group
• Attitude/beliefs

Behavior

• Prejudice and/or discriminate
• Bigot - (+/+)
• Timid Bigot - (+/-)
• Fair-weather egalitarian (-/+)
• All-weather egalitarian (-/-)

• 1) Verbal rejection
• 2) Avoidance
• 3) Active discrimination
• 4) Physical attacks
• 5) Extermination

Individual to individual

Denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals or groups that result from the normal operations of society

• Different from ordinary discrimination
• Discrimination that occurs at the institutional level

• Minority groups are singled out, unequal treatment
• See themselves as objects of discrimination
• Exclusion from full participation in society

Cumulative impact of encounters with racist behavior... builds up

• Socially constructed attribute that is tied to cultural beliefs about differences in the physical make up of different individuals
• It's a SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION not a social reality

Shared lifestyle informed by cultural, historical, religious and/or national affiliations

Belief that humans are subdivided into distinct hereditary groups that are innately different in social behavior and mental capacities and can therefore be ranked as superior or inferior

Belief that race should be ignored and that race-conscious practices and policies only foster racism

Systematic white dominating of people of color embedded in social institutions

Racial domination manifest in our dispositions, interactions and practices.

• Presented as normal or neutral
• Transparency

• Social construction
• Not same across cultures

• 3 New Guinea societies
• 1) Men and women were maternal and feminine
• 2) Both gender aggressive and ruthless
• 3) Women dominant, men dependent