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Unilateral, severe periorbital headache with tearing and conjunctival erythema
Cluster headache
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Prophylactic treatment for migraines
Antihypertensives, antidepressants, anticonvulsants
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The most common pituitary tumor. Treatment?
Prolactinoma. Dopamine agonists (e.g. bromocriptine / cabergoline)
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A 55 y/o patient presents with acute "broken speech." Type of aphasia? What lobe and vascular distribution?
Broca's aphasia. Frontal lobe, L MCA distribution
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The most common cause of SAH
Trauma; second most common is berry aneurysm
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A cresent-shaped hyperdensity on CT that does not cross the midline
Subdural hematoma - bridging veins torn
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History significant for initial altered mental status with intervening lucid interval. Diagnosis? Most likely source? Treatment?
Epidural hematoma. middle meningeal artery. Neurosurgical evacuation.
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CSF findings with SAH
Elevated ICP, RBCs, xanthochromia
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Albuminocytologic dissociation
Guillain-Barre syndrome (increased protiein in CSF without a significant increase in cell count)
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Cold water is flushed into patient's ear, and fast phase of nystagmus is toward the opposite side. Normal or pathologic?
Normal
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Most common primary sources of metastases to the brain
Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney, GI tract
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May be seen in children who are accused of inattention in class and confused with ADHD
Absence seizures
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The most frequent presentation of intracranial neoplasm.
Headache
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The most common cause of seizures in children (2-10 years)
Infection, febrile seizures, trauma, idiopathic
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The most common cause of seizures in young adults (18-35 years)
Trauma, alcohol withdrawal, brain tumor
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First-line medication for status epilepticus
IV benzodiazepine
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Confusion, confabulation, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia
Wernicke's encephalopathy due to deficiency of thiamine
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What % lesion is indication for carotid endarerectomy?
Seventy percent if the stenosis is symptomatic
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Most common causes of dementia
Alzheimer's and multi-infarct
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Combined UMN and LMN disorder
ALS
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Rigidity and stiffness with resting tremor and masked facies
Parkinson's disease
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Mainstay of Parkinson's therapy
Levodopa/carbidopa
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Treatment for Guillain-Barre syndrome
IVID or plasmapheresis
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Rigitdity and stiffness that progress to choreiform movements, accompanied by moodiness and altered behavior
Huntington's disease
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A 6 y/o girl presents with port-wine stain in V2 distribution as well as mental retardation, seizures, ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma
Sturge-Weber syndrome. Treat symptomatically. Possible focal cerebral resection of affected lobe.
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Cafe au lait spots on skin
Neurofibromatosis type 1
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Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, and hyperdocility
Kluver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)
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May be administered to symptomatic patient to diagnose myasthenia gravis
Edrophonium
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