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TP
1.LTT, microhematocrit tube, spin 5 min 6,000 RPM, Tube (top -plasma, buffy coat, RBC)
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TP Range
- Dog- 5.0-7.0 g/dl (round to even 10ths)
- Cat- 5-8 g/dl
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Plasma
Anticoagulant whole blood
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Buffy
White blood cells and plates
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Refractometer
calibrate with distilled h2o,gravity of distilled water is 1.000.
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PVC
Percentquantity of blood that is made up of RBC.
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PCV Ranges
Dog—37-55% avg 45 round to whole percent
Cat—30-45% avg 35
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Hematocrit card
bottom of red cells areplaced at 0% and plasma is placed at 100%
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Plasma colors:
- Red= Hemolytic= shaking, too much neg back
- pressure, hemolysis
- Yellow=icteric= biliary stasis, hemolysis,
- carotenes (herbivores) extravascular hemolysis
- White=lipemic= post prandial sample,
- hypothyroid, DM
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How to Read a PCV
top of RBC Colum, avoid the buffy coat.
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Magnification to view Buffy Coat for microfilaria
10x
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WBC counts
- Dogs and Cats (Neut- 55-85% lymphs 15-45%
- Monos/Eos 0-5% Baso rare)
Horse- Neut /Lymphs 50/50%
Cow- Lymphs 55-85% Neut 15-45%
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blood flow through the heart
- Anterior Vena Cava
- Right Atrium
- Tricuspid valve
- Right Ventricle
- pulmonary valve
- pulmonary Artery
- LUNGS
- Pulmonary Vein
- Left Atrium
- Bicuspid valve
- left ventricle
- Aortic Valve
- Aorta
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cat and dog normal temp
101.5 +/- 1
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How does the ELISA Heartworm test work
ELISA heartworm detects antigens in DOGS, antibodies in CAT
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WBC NMB, WBC count
- Dog -6,000-17,000 u (round to whole cell)
- Cat-5,500- 19,500 u
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Gestation periods
- 1. Dog- 63 days
- Cat 59-67 days
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Slings
- 1.Velpeau-font leg
- Ehmer- Hind leg
- Stirrups—holds up secondary layer of bandage
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Dog dental formula
2(I 3/3, C1/1, P 4/4, M 2/3)= 42 Teeth
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Cat Dental Formula
CAT- 2(I 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/2, M 1/1)= 30 Teeth
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Sterilization tape
- 1. Tan/
- White->Black --Steam only
- indicates exposure to heat; doesn’t indicate serialization 30 days
Green/Yellow->Red Gas Ethylene Oxide/ Anprolene 90 days
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Suture Sizes
- 1. 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1-0, 2-0, 3-0, 4-0, 5-
- Larger<<<<<< >>>>>>>>>>Smaller
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Absorbable sutures
Surgical Gut, Polyglactin 910 (Vicryl), Polyglycolic Acid (Dexon) Polydioxanone (PDS)Polyglyconate (Maxon)
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Non-absorable sutres
Silk, Nylon, Polyprolene (Prolene/ Surgilene) Polyester Fiber (Ethicon), Steel
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sutre removal must be done within?
7-10 days
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Enucleation
sx removal of the eyeball
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Lymph Nodes sites
- axillary,
- inguinal, prescapular, popliteal, submandibular
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Idiopathic
unknown origin
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Mydraisis-
constriction the the pupils
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Cystotomy
sx incision into bladder
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Fecal cytology
- thin smear, 100x with oil, ID clostridium perfringes (safety pins) and campylobacter
- (seagulls)
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Fecal Float
- pea sized amount, examine on 10x/ID on 40x,ID parasite ova, coccidian and possibly
- giardia. Sit for 10 mins
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Direct exam/fecal wet mount
, fleck, 40x, ID parasite ova, ID giardia cysts andcampylobacter, may see coccidian and ova. 5 min
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FIV
- Feline
- immunodeficiency virus (adenovirus)
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DIC
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy
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Heartworm
Dirofilaria immitus
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what must you do to a t-port before attaching it to and IVC
flush it with heparinized flush
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how can you ID a heparin flush syringe
they are labled
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how many drapes are in a sx pack? How many linens are used to wrap it?
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how many gauze sponges are in a sx pk? why may some have a blue strip?
10, make it radio opaque
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generic and brand name of gas sterilaztion
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what 6 tests are included ina PA profile
BUN, GLU, ALP. T-pro, ALT, Cre
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what does FeLV stand for?
feline leukemia virus
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what does soap stand for?
- subjective
- objective
- assesment
- plan
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What anticoagulant is in a Purp top tube
EDTA
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what tube would you use to run a CBC
Purp. top
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tube used if a leb test requires serum
Red top
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what color are heprinized crit tubes?
Red Ring
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lab abbreviation meaning the same thing as HCT
PCV
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formula for a Corrected WBC
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reticulocytes on a blood film stained with wrights stain or diff-quik
polychromatophilic
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order and time of a gram stain
- crytal violet-1min
- grams iodine-1min
- decolorizer-until clear or 3-5sec
- safranin-1min
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Gram postive bacteria color?
purple
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fram negative bacteria color
pink
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what causes psittacosis? common name?
Clamydophila, parrot fever
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Vector that transmits the plague?
Flea
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what does Coggins test diagonose
EIA-Equine infectious anemia
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what causes infectious tracheobronchitis or kennel cough? what is it?
Bordetella, GNROD
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where is the gastrocnemius?
Calf
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what do tendons connect?
muscle to bone
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what do ligaments connect?
Bone to Bone
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what is macconkeys agar used for
selecting the gowth of GNRODS and differentiates between lactose fermenters and non-lactose fermentors
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6 way caninie vaccine contains?
distemper, adenovirus-2, leptospirosis, parainfulenza, parvo virus, corona virus
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what age are puppies vaccinated
6-8wks, 10-12wks, and 16 wks
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locations where shots are given
- canine vaccine-right scapula
- Rabies-Right hip
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4way feline vaccine
feline viral rhinotracheitis, panleukopenia, calici virus, chlamydophilia
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location of the FeLV vaccination
lift hind leg
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CRF
chronic renal failure
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IVDD
intervertebral Disc disease
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AIHA
auto immune hemolytic anemia
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ACL
Anterior cruciate ligament
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THR
total hip replacement
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CHF
congestive heart failure
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IMHA
immune mediated hemolytic anemia
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TPLO
tibial plateu leveling osteotomy
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GDV
Gastric dilitation volvulus
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PVC
Premature Ventricular Contraction
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Hypercapnia
increased carbon dioxide in blood
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nystagmus
involuntary eye movement
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anisocoria
unequal pupils
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laparotomy
inscision into the abdomen
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orchiectomy
removal of testicals
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cyanosis
blue skin/mm from low O2
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ataxia
lack of muscle coordination
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gastropexy
suturing stomach to abdominal wall
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pyometra
pus in the uterus
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encephalomyelitis
inflammation of the brain and spinal cord
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trichuris vulpis
whip worm
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anyclostoma caninum
dog hookworm
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dirofilaria immitus
heartworm
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dipylidium caninum
cucumber seed tapeworm
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paragonimus kellicoti
lung fluke
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isospera/Eimeria
Coccidia
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strongylus vulgaris
Equine bloodworm
-
oxyuris equi
horse pinworm
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fasciola hepatica
liver fluke
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Rhipicephalus Senuineus
Brown dog tick
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Malocclusion
abnormal alighnment of teeh or jaws, incorrect bite
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in the dog which tooth is the upper carnasial tooth? how many roots does it have?
4th premolar, 3 roots
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what age are most permant teeth in?
6-7months
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what age do pups and kits eyes open?
7-10days
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what is VLM and what is it caused by?
Visceral larval migrans, toxocara canis, cati, vitulorum, toxascaris leonina, ascaris suum
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What is CLM and what is it caused by?
Cutaneous larval migrans anyclystoma cainum, braziliense , uncinaria stenocephala, Bunostomum Sp.
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what is the genus and species of the most common cause of ringworm in dogs and what kind of organism it is
Microsprum canis, Mold
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light source used as an initial screen for dermatophytosis
woods lamp
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common names of the 3 most distal joints in an equine front leg
- 1 Fetlock
- 2 Pastern
- 3Coffin
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common name of the distal phalynx in a horse
coffin bone
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order of bandage material from inner to outer
- primary dressing
- cotton/cast padding
- kling gauze
- vetwrap
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what is causes otitis in dogs
malassezia
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intermediate host for taenia
rodents
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which tick is the vector that transmits lyme dz
ixodes
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what is demodex and how do you dx it?
burrowing mite, deep skin scrape
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genus name of the common ear mite
otodectes
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what family of virus are FeLV and FIV in?
retroviridae
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FIP vairus family?
coronaviridae
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Feline panleukpenia family?
Parvoviridae
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FLUTD
Feline lower urinary tract dz
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Dyspnea
difficulty breathing
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hyperkalemia
high potassium in blood
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hyponatremia
low sodium in blood
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anastomosis
connection of normally separate parts sxically
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intussusception
telescoping of organs
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entropion
eyelid rolled inward
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Strangles
streptococcus equi
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Circling dz
listeria monocytogenes
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Lyme Disease
Borrelia burgdorgeri
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tropical canine pancytopenia
ehrlichia canis
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tuberculosis
mycobacterium Sp
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RMSF/tick fever
Rickettsia Rickettsii
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CSD(cat scratch dz)
bartonella henselae
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diff quik stain
- fixative 5, 1sec dips
- eosinophilic stain 5, 1sec dips
- basophilic stain 7-10, 1 sec dips
- rinse w/ water
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wrights stain
- wrights stain 1-3min
- buffer w/ 1 pipette of wrigths stain, 1 min
- distilled water 7-10, 1 sec dips
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term of abnormally shaped rbcs
pokilocytosis
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small rbcs with no central pallor
spherocytes
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another name for nRbcs
metarubricyte
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Rbcs with long irrecgular projections
acanthocyte
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rbc fragments
shistocytes
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what is unique about avian RBC
nucleated rbcs are mature and oval
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which avian wbc is the same as a seg?
heterophil
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which lab animal requires supplmentary Vit. C
guinea pigs and non-human primates
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what does MRSA stand for
Methiallin-resistant Staph aureus
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scrub nurse duties
- draping the pt
- load scapel handle
- begin draping mayo stand
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Circulator duties
- tie in surgeons back
- scrub pt
- counting used sponges
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in order the items used to drape a pt for sx
- quarter drapes
- towel clamps
- patient drape
- standard sx scissors
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why must you wean a pt off of prednisolone
could cause adverese reaction, addisons dz so adreanal gland not producing hydrocortisone
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iatrogenic
illness caused by tx
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