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Immunocytic system / specific
- Monocyte and macrophages
- Circulating T and B lymphocytes
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What is a Band neutrophil appearance
- Nucleus is horseshoe shaped with large round ends
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1.Phagocytic system / non-specific
Granulocytes
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Phagocytic system of leukocytes
- 1.Granulocytes
- 2.Neutrophils
- 3.Eosinophils
- 4.Basophils
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Toxic neutrophil appearance
- •Blue cytoplasm
- •Dohle bodies in the cytoplasm (small angular blue-gray granules)
- •Vacuoles in the cytoplasm
- •Increased size
- •Could indicate bacterial infection
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A Predominant circulating granulocyte is a
A Neutrophil
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What is a neutrophil capable of doing?
Capable of seeking out, ingesting, killing, and digesting invading microorganisms
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Eosinophils (a granulocyte
- •Red cytoplasmic granules
- •Modulate hypersensitivity reactions
- •Adhere to helminth parasites
- •Eosinophilia is only significant when it persists over time (several samples)
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What kind of Granules do Neutophil contain?
•Contain specific granules (for bacterial killing) and lysosomes (with digestive enzymes)
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Persistent eosinophilia is suggestive of systemic hypersensitivity reaction
True or False?
True
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True or False
Neutrophils cannot divide, replenish granule content, or regenerate surface membrane ?
- True
- They cannot divide, replenish granule content, or regenerate surface membrane
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what is the lifespan of Neutrophils
Short life span of hours to days
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Eosinophils
Can only consider a sign of parasitic infection with parasites that have a systemic phase
True Or False?
- True
- •Can only consider a sign of parasitic infection with parasites that have a systemic phase
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What is a band cell?
Immature neutrophil, young cell
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Is a left shift clinically important?
yes, Left shift is clinically important.
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Neutrophilia with a left shift
classic acute inflammation
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Neutropenia with a left shift
indicates overwhelming inflammation
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Normal neutrophil counts do accompany what?
chronic inflammation
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Neutrophil appearance
- •Irregular and elongated nucleus
- •Pale pink cytoplasm
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Are Eosinopenia difficult to appreciate and diagnose?
Yes they are
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Eosinophil appearance
- •Uniform in size and stain an intense pink
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Basophils( granulocyte)
- Granules stain blue
- •Appear to have small vacuoles in the nucleus (those are the basophilic granules)
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Are Basophils Phagocytic?
Not phagocytic, but do play a part in inflammation
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What do Basophil granules contain?
Granules contain histamine (increase vascular permeability) and heparin (anticoagulant
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When do Basophilia usually occur?
Basophilia usually occurs with eosinophilia
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Basophil appearance
- •Similar nucleus to monocytes
- •Granules actually stain purple (possibly lavender) to blue-black
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Monocytes
precursors of all macrophages
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What do Macrophages do?
Macrophages are phagocytes, modify antigens for recognition, release inflammatory mediators, and regulate iron stores.
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True or False Monocyte is not in circulation?
- False,
- Monocyte is in circulation!
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Is macrophage in circulation?
No macrophage is not in circulation.
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What does Monocytosis indicate?
Monocytosis indicates tissue necrosis and a demand for phagocytosis (acute or chronic)
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What do Monocytes and Macrophages do of the Phagocytic system?
Links nonspecific and specific immune systems.
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Monocyte appearance
- •Variably shaped nuclei
- •Cytoplasm is blue-gray and may contain vacuoles and/or small fine pink granules
- •May be difficult to distinguish from band neutrophils
- •If there is no left shift you are probably looking at monocytes
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Lymphocyte appearance
- •Slightly indented nucleus
- •Cytoplasm is light blue and scanty
- •Cytoplasm may contain pink-purple granules
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What is a Reactive Lymph & the appearance?
- Increased cytoplasm
- •Basophilic cytoplasm
- •Perinuclear halo
- Result of antigenic stimulation
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