translation and people

sequence of codons (AAA) on mRNA determine sequence of amino acids in protien being synthesized

61 amino acids

• 3
• UAA UAG UGA

AUG

• site of translation
• direct the orderlt bindin of tRNA to codon and assembly of amino acids to make protiens
• move along mRNA in a 5'-3' direction

recognize specific codon and transport amino acids

• ribosom tRNA(UAC) and mRNA(AUG) come together
• psite
• a site
• esite
• peptide bonds cont

where the first tRNA sits

second codon of mRNA pairs with tRNA carrying amino acid- joined by peptide bonds

along the mRNA

first trna is in the esite

• joined by a peptide bond
• 3 and 4, 4 and 5 and so on
• until ribosome reaches stop codon

• polypeptide released
• ribosome comes apart tRNA released and polypeptide becomes a new protien

• 1865 studied pure breeding in pea plants
• interested in genetics

• meiosis in grasshoppers
• observed chromosomes separate hereditary material during meosis

• used fruit flies to develop genetics and discovered sex-linkage
• students developed techniques of mapping genes on chromosomes

• discoverd transformation
• genetic transfer in microorganisms
• nonpathogenic strain is transformed into a thogenic strain and killed the rat
• living nonencapsulated and heat killed encapsulated bacteria caused the diseasd

exchange of genes between two dna molecules to form more combiations of genes on a chromosome

develpoed and taught biologists methods to analyze bacteriophage; virus of bacteria

• develped neurospora -experimental organism
• 1 gene 1enzyme hypothesis

discovered conjugation in bacteria

• isolated DNA from the nuclei of cells obtained frm pus of surgical bandages
• contained nitrogenous chemicals, sugar and phosphate

• found transforming factor to be DNA by using enzymes
• capsule-carbohydrase-transformation
• protien-protease-transformation
• rna-rnase-transformation
• not dna DNAase

• used 35s (protien)
• 32p (nucleic acid)- went into cells

• xray cystallography to study DNA
• made a model of dna
• infered fuction leading o central dogma